MULTI-SCALE MODELING OF THE BASILICA OF SAN PIETRO IN TUSCANIA (ITALY) - From 3D data to 2D representation

Oct 24, 2026

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Multi-scale documentation strategies for the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania are presented using integrated LiDAR, digital photogrammetry, and topographic methodologies. After an integrated 2010 survey, a metrically coherent archive enables complete multi-scale 3D models and multiple 2D representations for conservation stakeholders. The work further develops simplified 3D modeling from 2D drawings using Constructive Solid Geometry, producing architectural-scale descriptions and detailed models of key elements like the transept and surrounding terrain.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages8

Reading Time20 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Historical Background

Multi-scale Survey and Data Integration

2D Documentation Outputs

Simplified 3D Modeling from 2D Drawings

MULTI-SCALE MODELING OF THE BASILICA OF SAN PIETRO IN TUSCANIA (ITALY). FROM 3D DATA TO 2D REPRESENTATION Filiberto CHIABRANDO1, Dario PIATTI2, Fulvio RINAUDO2 1Politecnico di Torino, DINSE Viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy, filiberto.chiabrando@polito.it 2 Politecnico di Torino, DITAG Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24 , 10129 Torino, Italy, dario.piatti@polito.it, fulvio.rinaudo@polito.it Keywords LiDAR, 3D modeling, Digital Photogrammetry, Restoration Abstract: The Basilica of San Pietro is a Romanic architecture located in the municipality of Tuscania in the Lazio Region about 100 km far from Rome. In 1971 the apse dome collapsed during the earthquake and the important fresco of a Christ Pantocrator was destroyed. In 1975 the dome was reconstructed using reinforced concrete. In 2010 an integrated survey of the Church has been performed using LiDAR techniques integrated with photogrammetric and topographic methodologies in order to realize a complete 2D documentation of the Basilica of San Pietro. Thanks to the acquired data a complete multi-scale 3D model of the Church and of the surroundings was realized. The aim of this work is to present different strategies in order to realize correct documentations for Cultural Heritage knowledge, using typical 3D survey methodologies (i. e. LiDAR survey and photogrammetry). After data acquisition and processing, several 2D representations were realized in order to carry out traditional supports for the different actors involved in the conservation plans; moreover, starting from the 2D drawing a simplified 3D modeling methodology has been followed in order to define the fundamental geometry of the Basilica and the surroundings: the achieved model could be useful for a small architectural scale description of the structure and for the documentation of the surroundings. For the aforementioned small architectural scale model, the 3D modeling was realized using the information derived from the 2D drawings with an approach based on the Constructive Solid Geometry. Using this approach the real shape of the object is simplified. This methodology is employed in particular when the shape of the structures is simple or to communicate new project ideas of when, as in our case, the aim is to give an idea of the complexity of an architectural Cultural Heritage. In order to follow this objective, a small architectural scale model was realized: the area of the Civita hill was modeled using the information derived from the 1:5000 scale map contours; afterwards the Basilica was modeled in a CAD software using the information derived from the 2D drawings of the Basilica. Finally, a more detailed 3D model was realized to describe the real shape of the transept. All this products were realized thanks to the data acquired during the performed survey. This research underlines that a complete 3D documentation of a Cultural Heritage during the survey phase allows the final user to derive all the products that could be necessary for a correct knowledge of the artifact. 1. INTRODUCTION The importance of the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania has placed the attention to the issue of the integration of different survey techniques such as LiDAR, photogrammetry, total station and manual measurements with particular interest to the LiDAR technique in order to build up a complete and multiscale documentation of the site. The already achieved experiences (e. g. [1]) demonstrate that only a suitable integration between the available technologies allows a complete and exhaustive collection of metric information to be achieved. The acquired data can be used to produce a correct documentation such as traditional 2D drawings (plans, sections and façades), 3D models and videos able to transmit the correct shape of the surveyed object to different skilled people. The evolution of LiDAR and digital photogrammetry techniques forces to move the selection of the needed information from the field to the offic

FAQs

What survey techniques were integrated to document the Basilica of San Pietro?

The study integrates LiDAR techniques with photogrammetric and topographic methodologies, and references other measurement approaches such as total station and manual measurements.

What 2D and 3D products were generated from the acquired data?

The workflow produces traditional 2D drawings (plans, sections, façades), multi-scale 3D models, and related visualization materials (including videos) derived from the metrically coherent archive.

How is simplified 3D modeling achieved from the 2D drawings?

A simplified 3D modeling methodology uses information from the 2D drawings and applies an approach based on Constructive Solid Geometry to define fundamental geometry by simplifying the real object shape.

Oct 24, 2026

Upload by awa