Methods for Graph Conversion and Pattern Recognition for P&IDs

Oct 28, 2026

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In this study, a method is developed to simplify analysis of complex ship Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs). The approach converts P&IDs into a graph representation by extracting lines and symbols from original DXF files, enabling easier identification of connections between ship systems. Using the graph, complex P&IDs become easier to understand, supporting downstream research such as pipe routing optimization. The resulting representation improves comprehension of ship systems and can recommend similar systems within existing ships, streamlining design and analysis workflows.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages7

Reading Time18 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Introduction

Theoretical Background

Related Studies Summary

Two Main Approaches for P&ID Object Recognition

Methods for Graph Conversion and Pattern Recognition for P&IDs Min-Chul Kong1, Myung-Il Roh2,*, In-Chang Yeo3, In-Su Han4, Dongki Min5, Dongguen Jeong6 ABSTRACT In this study, we developed a method to simplify the analysis of complex Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) on ships. By converting P&IDs into a graph format, we extracted lines and symbols from the original DXFfiles, enabling easier identification of connections between ship systems. Utilizing the graph, we can intuitively understand complex P&ID and easily apply it to research such as pipe routing optimization. This approach enhances the understanding of ship systems and has potential applications in recommending similar systems within existing ships, streamlining the design and analysis process. KEY WORDS P&ID; Pattern Recognition; Deep Learning; Arrangement Design; Connection relationships Analysis INTRODUCTION A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a drawing that uses simple symbols to represent the connections of equipment and piping within systems on a ship. Understanding the connections within the P&ID is important for designers to comprehend the systems on the ship. However, this process is difficult because various systems on the ship are complexly connected. In addition, since the P&ID represents the connection relationships as a line, it is inconvenient to find and follow the connection lines between the equipment among many complex lines. Therefore, we proposed a method to analyze the existing P&ID by converting it into a graph. Lines and strings were extracted from the original P&ID in DXF (Drawing eXchange Format), and symbols were recognized using the connections between the extracted lines. We could identify their connections with the extracted lines and the recognized symbols and convert them into a graph. The converted graph can represent the complex connection relationships of P&ID in a simplified form. Using this, we can obtain connection relationships between equipment and utilize it for the pipe auto-routing. With the method proposed in this study, P&IDs can be automatically converted into a graph and utilized for various applications. This graph format is specialized for representing connection relationships; it can help with topological analysis, such as recommending similar systems within existing ships. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The P&ID targeted for recognition in this study has the form shown in Figure 1. There are various objects in a P&ID, such as pumps, valves, and instruments. Objects in the drawing are represented by symbols that briefly represent the characteristics of the equipment. These symbols are composed of basic elements such as lines and are difficult to recognize because they are relatively small compared to the large size of the drawing. Additionally, because the types of objects are very diverse and mixed 1 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; ORCID: 0000-0002-0976-2621 2 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, and Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University; ORCID: 0000-0001-7972-6848 3 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; ORCID: 0000-0003-3940-2093 4 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; ORCID: 0009-0009-0014-6978 5 HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering Co., Ltd. , Seongnam, Republic of Korea 6 HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering Co., Ltd. , Seongnam, Republic of Korea * [Corresponding Author: miroh@snu.ac.kr](Corresponding Author: miroh@snu.ac.kr) Submitted: 23 February 2024, Revised: 5 April 2024, Accepted: 1 May 2024, Published: 21 May 2024 ©2024 published by TU Delft OPEN Publishing on behalf of the authors. This work is licensed under CC-BY-4.0 . Conference paper, DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5

FAQs

What is the main goal of the proposed method for P&ID analysis?

It aims to simplify analysis of complex ship P&IDs by converting diagrams into a graph format, making connection identification more straightforward.

How are P&IDs converted into the graph representation?

Lines and symbols are extracted from the original DXF files, then symbols are recognized using connections between extracted lines to build the graph.

What applications does the graph representation support?

It helps understand complex P&IDs and can be used for tasks such as pipe auto-routing and recommending similar systems in existing ships.

Oct 28, 2026

Upload by Patrick