Metal(II) triazole complexes - Synthesis, biological evaluation, and analytical characterization using machine learning-based validation

Aug 4, 2026

Upload by Logic

Study focuses on synthesizing two series of metal(II) complexes using 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (Hdatrz) as a ligand with nitrate and acetate counter anions. Complexes of Ni, Co, and Zn were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, and magnetic susceptibility, showing trinuclear structures bridged by Hdatrz with distorted octahedral geometry and hydrogen bonding involving NH and OH groups. Antifungal testing against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Aspergillus niger showed no observable antifungal activity. Machine learning using K-nearest neighbours assessed analytical characteristics and solubility, achieving 75% precision.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Triazoles and coordination modes

Coordination chemistry and biological relevance

Environmentally friendly nickel, cobalt, and zinc complexes

| European Journal of Chemistry | | | --- | --- | | | View Journal Online View Article Online | | Metal(II) triazole complexes: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and analytical characterization using machine learning-based validation
Muhammad Yousaf Arshad 1,2,*, Aqsa Rashid 3, Faisal Mahmood 4,
Salaha Saeed 2,5, and Anam Suhail Ahmed 1,6
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
2 Interloop Limited, Khurrianwala, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
4 Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
5 Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
6 Mud-Logging and Well Drilling Department, Halliburton Company, Delaware, 19720, United States of America
* Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
[e-mail: yousaf.arshad96@yahoo.com](e-mail: yousaf.arshad96@yahoo.com) (M. Y. Arshad). | | |
RESEARCH ARTICLE

10. 5155/eurjchem.14.1.155-164.2396
Received: 24 December 2022
Received in revised form: 26 January 2023
Accepted: 06 February 2023
Published online: 31 March 2023
Printed: 31 March 2023

KEYWORDS
Complexes
Fungal strains Transition metal Machine learning K-Nearest neighbors |
ABSTRACT
The synthesis of many transition metal complexes containing 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (Hdatrz) as a ligand with different counter anions Br⎺, Cl⎺, ClO4⎺ and SO42- has been studied extensively, but the chemistry of transition metal nitrate and acetate compounds and their reactivity are relatively unexplored. In this research work, two new series of metal(II) complexes (M = Ni, Co, and Zn) {[Ni3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (1), [Co3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (2), [Zn3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](NO3)6 (3), [Ni3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](OAc)6 (4), [Co3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](OAc)6 (5) and [Zn3(Hdatrz)6(H2O)6](OAc)6 (6)} have been synthesized. These synthesized complexes were characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All six complexes were found to be trinuclear and bridged through the Hdatrz ligand. Spectral data suggested a distorted octahedral environment around the central metal ions in these complexes. It also revealed that the NH and OH groups are involved in hydrogen bonding. These complexes were tested against the fungal strains Colletotrichumgloeosporioides and Aspergillus niger. These synthesized complexes have not been observed to have antifungal activities. The machine learning K-nearest neighbours evaluates the analytical characteristics and solubility behavior of the metal complexes. Machine learning models provide results with 75% precision.
Cite this: Eur. J. Chem. 2023, 14(1), 155-164 [Journal website](Journal website: www.eurjchem.com)[: ](Journal website: www.eurjchem.com)[www.eurjchem.com](Journal website: www.eurjchem.com) | 1. Introduction Metal-based compounds are essential for the normal functioning of living organisms. Zinc metal plays a role in metabolic pathways in the human body. Its deficiency can cause growth retardation, loss of appetite, and skin changes [1] . Nickel and cobalt are present in edible oils. These metals have antimicrobial and antiviral properties when combined with complex structures such as triazoles [1-3]. Interest in transition metal complexes is increasing as a consequence of the growing demand for new therapeutic drugs from synthetic products [4] . Triazoles are aromatic ligands

FAQs

What ligand and metal(II) ions were used to synthesize the complexes?

The complexes used 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (Hdatrz) as the ligand and involved Ni, Co, and Zn metal(II) ions.

How were the synthesized complexes characterized?

Characterization used UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

What were the results of the antifungal tests?

Testing against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Aspergillus niger found no observed antifungal activities for the synthesized complexes.

Aug 4, 2026

Upload by Logic