Managing Bone Metastases with Denosumab - Real-World Data and Critical Monitoring Points in Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancers

Q: What patient population and study design were used in this research?

The study was retrospective and included 146 patients treated with denosumab for bone metastases.

Q: How did denosumab affect skeletal-related events (SREs) in breast, lung, and prostate cancer patients?

SRE rates markedly decreased during denosumab treatment across breast, prostate, and lung groups, with no significant difference between groups while on treatment.

Q: Which laboratory adverse effects were monitored and what changes were reported?

Serum creatinine, calcium, and magnesium were monitored at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Significant decreases in calcium were observed at 3 and 6 months in breast and lung cancers, and creatinine decreased significantly in lung and prostate cancers.

Sep 23, 2026

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Denosumab is used to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases from advanced breast, lung, and prostate cancers. This retrospective study evaluated denosumab in 146 patients by comparing SREs before and during treatment, tracking serum creatinine, calcium, and magnesium at baseline, 3, and 6 months, and assessing adverse effects and survival. SRE rates decreased across all cancer types during therapy, with significant calcium and creatinine changes in specific groups, and overall survival differing by cancer type.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages13

Reading Time33 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

1. Introduction

Bone metastases incidence and clinical impact

Current treatments targeting SREs

Denosumab mechanism and rationale

Article Managing Bone Metastases with Denosumab: Real-World Data and Critical Monitoring Points in Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancers Sibel Oyucu Orhan 1, *, Bedrettin Orhan 2, ¸Seyma Esenbu ˘ga 3, Seda Sali 1, Burcu Caner 4, Birol Ocak 5, Ahmet Bilgehan ¸Sahin 6, Adem Deligönül 6, Türkkan Evrensel 6 and Erdem Çubukçu 6 Academic Editors: Kingston Rajiahand Ashuin Kammar-García Received: 17 August 2025 Revised: 6 September 2025 Accepted: 8 September 2025 Published: 10 September 2025 Citation: Oyucu Orhan, S.; Orhan, B.; Esenbu˘ga, ¸S.; Sali, S.; Caner, B.; Ocak, B.;¸Sahin, A.B.; Deligönül, A.; Evrensel, T.;Çubukçu, E. Managing Bone Metastases with Denosumab: Real-World Data and Critical Monitoring Points in Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancers. Medicina 2025, 61, 1637. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/medicina61091637](10.3390/medicina61091637) Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) . 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa 16250, Turkey; [seda_ist1987@hotmail.com](seda_ist1987@hotmail.com) 2 Department of Hematology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Bursa 16000, Turkey; [borhan18@gmail.com](borhan18@gmail.com) 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey; [ss.esenbuga@gmail.com](ss.esenbuga@gmail.com) 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Aydın Atatürk Public Hospital, Aydin 09020, Turkey; [drburcucaner@gmail.com](drburcucaner@gmail.com) 5 Department of Medical Oncology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Bursa 16000, Turkey; [birol08ocak@gmail.com](birol08ocak@gmail.com) 6 Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey; [absahin@uludag.edu.tr](absahin@uludag.edu.tr) (A.B. ¸S.); [ademdeligonul@yahoo.com](ademdeligonul@yahoo.com) (A.D.); [turkkanevrensel@gmail.com](turkkanevrensel@gmail.com) (T.E.); [erdemcubukcu@uludag.edu.tr](erdemcubukcu@uludag.edu.tr) (E.Ç.) * Correspondence: [sibeloyucu@yahoo.com](sibeloyucu@yahoo.com) Abstract Background and Objectives: Advanced solid organ tumors, particularly breast, lung, and prostate cancers, frequently metastasize to bone, leading to debilitating skeletal-related events (SREs) . Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, is crucial in preventing SREs. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect profiles of denosumab inpatients with bone metastases originating from these three common cancer types. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 146 patients treated with denosumab for bone metastases. Data on demographics, SREs before and during denosumab treatment, serum creatinine, calcium, and magnesium levels (at baseline, 3, and 6 months), other adverse effects, and survival were analyzed. Results: Before denosumab, SREs were present in 36.3% of patients (breast: 43.4%, prostate: 28%, lung: 33.8%) . During denosumab treatment, SRE rates markedly decreased across all groups (breast: 9.4%, prostate: 16.0%, lung: 8.8%), with no significant intergroup difference in on-treatment SREs. Significant decreases in serum calcium levels were observed at 3 and 6 months post-denosumab initiation in breast (p < 0.0001) and lung cancer patients (p = 0.001) . Mean creatinine levels significantly decreased in lung (p < 0.0001) and prostate (p = 0.020) cancer patients at 3 and 6 months. Overall survival significantly differed, with lung cancer patients having the shortest median survival (p < 0.005) . Conclusions: Den

FAQs

What patient population and study design were used in this research?

The study was retrospective and included 146 patients treated with denosumab for bone metastases.

How did denosumab affect skeletal-related events (SREs) in breast, lung, and prostate cancer patients?

SRE rates markedly decreased during denosumab treatment across breast, prostate, and lung groups, with no significant difference between groups while on treatment.

Which laboratory adverse effects were monitored and what changes were reported?

Serum creatinine, calcium, and magnesium were monitored at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Significant decreases in calcium were observed at 3 and 6 months in breast and lung cancers, and creatinine decreased significantly in lung and prostate cancers.

Sep 23, 2026

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