Question 1

Why is lead-based perovskite photovoltaics subject to toxicity concern?

Accepted Answer

Lead-based absorbers raise concerns about potential toxicity at large production scale. The paper addresses this by quantifying human and eco-toxicity impacts through life-cycle analysis.

Question 2

What method is used to assess toxicity across the product life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Life-cycle analysis (LCA) evaluates impacts across all stages from resource extraction and manufacturing to use and end-of-life. The study follows SETAC/ISO-aligned LCA principles and uses toxicity impact indicators such as HTP and ETP.

Question 3

Which elements are identified as the main contributors to toxicity potential in lead-based perovskite PPVs?

Accepted Answer

Contribution analysis finds that silver and indium are major contributors to toxicity potential, while lead is not the dominant driver in the assessed PPV impacts.