Question 1

What problem does the paper address about leadership competencies?

Accepted Answer

The proliferation of leadership-competencies studies has not produced a consistent set that can guide both researchers and practitioners.

Question 2

How does the paper conduct its review?

Accepted Answer

It uses an integrative literature review and identifies four strands of leadership literature, then evaluates which competencies remain relevant for the twenty-first century.

Question 3

What are the main outcomes regarding competencies for the twenty-first century?

Accepted Answer

The paper harmonizes terminology and identifies 18 groups of leadership competencies, highlighting leaders’ need to combine people concern, customer experience, digitalization, financialization, and the general good.