Kidney disease and determinants of health as correlates to primary bone cancer: a cross-sectional US population-based study

Sep 22, 2026

Primary bone cancer (PBC) is a rare malignancy arising in bone tissue, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase cancer risk, yet its specific relationship with PBC has remained unclear. Biological, social, and behavioral determinants may shape both conditions and influence PBC risk. This cross-sectional US population-based study uses secondary BRFSS data to examine how kidney disease status relates to PBC, alongside key determinants of health.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Background

Definition and subtypes of primary bone cancer

Epidemiology and incidence

Kidney–bone relationship and renal bone disorders

Shouman et al. BMC Nephrology (2026) 27:336 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04976-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04976-0) BMC Nephrology RESEARCH Open Access Kidney disease and determinants of health as correlates to primary bone cancer: a crosssectional US population-based study Marwa Shouman1,2, Ayad A. Jaffa2* and Miran A. Jaffa 1* Abstract Background Primary bone cancer (PBC) is a rare type of malignancy that originates in the bones and constitutes 0. 2% of all tumor types worldwide. While chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase the risk of various cancers, its association with PBC remains unclear. PBC and CKD are also known to be determined by biological, social, and behavioral characteristics that can affect their risk. Nonetheless, the links between these factors, CKD and PBC, are not assessed yet, posing an under-examined area of research that we aim to address in this study. Methods Our analysis is based on a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study adopted from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) . Weighted Chi-square test and weighted multiple logistic regressions were employed for data analysis. Results Out of 208,260 participants, 55 individuals were diagnosed with PBC, while 205,689 did not report having PBC. Moreover, 7,557 had kidney disease. Patients with CKD had more than five times higher odds of developing PBC (OR: 5 . 61, 95% CI: 1.56–20. 18) . Biological variables mainly age and sex were significant factors associated with both CKD and PBC, and obesity was a risk factor for both CKD and PBC, but statistical significance was reached only with CKD. Race was an index of social determinants of health that correlated marginally with PBC and significantly with CKD. Conclusion Our findings highlight the interrelationships between CKD, biological and social determinants of health, and PBC, suggesting an elevated risk of PBC among individuals with CKD. This finding is novel and warrants future mechanistic examination to determine the biological links between these two diseases while factoring in the effects of non-clinical health characteristics. Keywords Behavioral and biologic factors, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Bone cancer, Kidney disease, Biologic, Social, and behavioral determinants of health, Weighted analysis *Correspondence: Ayad A. Jaffa [aj24@aub.edu.lb](aj24@aub.edu.lb)[ ](aj24@aub.edu.lb)Miran A. Jaffa [ms148@aub.edu.lb](ms148@aub.edu.lb) 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon © The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.) Shouman et al. BMC Nephrology (2026) 27:336 Background Primary bone cancer (PBC), or bone sarcom

FAQs

What is the purpose of the study on kidney disease and primary bone cancer?

To assess whether kidney disease is associated with primary bone cancer and to explore related biological and social determinants of health.

Which dataset and statistical methods were used in the analysis?

The analysis used secondary data from the 2022 BRFSS cross-sectional study, with weighted chi-square tests and weighted multiple logistic regressions.

What did the results show about CKD and PBC risk?

Participants with CKD had more than five times higher odds of developing PBC, and obesity was a risk factor for both CKD and PBC, with statistical significance reported mainly for CKD.

Sep 22, 2026

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