KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease - Issue 1 - January 2013

Sep 18, 2026

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KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease presents an evidence-based framework for defining, classifying, identifying, and predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for managing progression and complications. The guideline organizes recommendations across multiple chapters, including CKD nomenclature, prognosis, assessment of kidney function, and care pathways such as referral to specialists. It also includes tables and figures supporting grading of recommendations and quality of evidence.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages163

Reading Time6 h 51 min

AccessFree to download

Notice

Foreword

Work Group Membership

Abstract

Summary of Recommendation Statements

Introduction: The case for updating and context

Chapter 1: Definition, and classification of CKD

Chapter 2: Definition, identification, and prediction of CKD progression

Chapter 3: Management of progression and complications of CKD

Chapter 4: Other complications of CKD

Chapter 5: Referral to specialists and models of care

Methods for Guideline Development

Biographic and Disclosure Information

Acknowledgments

References

KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease volume 3 | issue 1 | JANuARY 2013 [http://www.kidney-international.org](http://www.kidney-international.org) KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease KDIGO gratefully acknowledges the following consortium of sponsors that make our initiatives possible: Abbott, Amgen, Bayer Schering Pharma, Belo Foundation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Coca-Cola Company, Dole Food Company, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Hoffmann-LaRoche, JC Penney, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, NATCO—The Organization for Transplant Professionals, NKF-Board of Directors, Novartis, Pharmacosmos, PUMC Pharmaceutical, Robert and Jane Cizik Foundation, Shire, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Transwestern Commercial Services, Vifor Pharma, and Wyeth. Sponsorship Statement: KDIGO is supported by a consortium of sponsors and no funding is accepted for the development of specific guidelines. VOL 3| ISSUE 1 |JANUARY (1) 2013 KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease v Tables and Figures vii KDIGO Board Members viii Reference Keys x CKD Nomenclature xi Conversion Factors & HbA1c Conversion xii Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 Notice 2 Foreword 3 Work Group Membership 4 Abstract 5 Summary of Recommendation Statements 15 Introduction: The case for updating and context 19 Chapter 1: Definition, and classification of CKD 63 Chapter 2: Definition, identification, and prediction of CKD progression 73 Chapter 3: Management of progression and complications of CKD 91 Chapter 4: Other complications of CKD: CVD, medication dosage, patient safety, infections, hospitalizations, and caveats for investigating complications of CKD 112 Chapter 5: Referral to specialists and models of care 120 Methods for Guideline Development 128 Biographic and Disclosure Information 134 Acknowledgments 136 References This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [www.publicationethics.org](www.publicationethics.org) & 2013 KDIGO TABLES 18 Table 1. KDIGO nomenclature and description for grading recommendations 20 Table 2. Criteria for CKD 20 Table 3. Criteria for definition of CKD 27 Table 4. Classification of CKD based on presence or absence of systemic disease and location within the kidney of pathologic-anatomic findings 27 Table 5. GFR categories in CKD 28 Table 6. Albuminuria categories in CKD 31 Table 7. Relationship among categories for albuminuria and proteinuria 32 Table 8. CGA staging of CKD: examples of nomenclature and comments 33 Table 9. Prognosis of CKD: Relationship of outcomes and strength of relationship to Cause (C), GFR (G), Albuminuria (A) and other measures 35 Table 10. Annual percentage change in GFR across diagnosis categories 39 Table 11. Sources of error in GFR estimating using creatinine 41 Table 12. Equations based on serum creatinine assays in adults that are traceable to the standard reference material 44 Table 13. Performance comparison of creatinine-based GFR estimating equations in North America, Europe, and Australia 48 Table 14. Performance comparison of creatinine-based GFR estimating equations outside of North America, Europe, and Australia 50 Table 15. Sources of error in GFR estimating using cystatin C 52 Table 16. Equations based on IDMS traceable creatinine and IFCC traceable cystatin C assays 54 Table 17. Performance comparison of cystatin C-based estimating equations in North American and European populations 55 Table 18. Strengths and limitations of GFR measurement methods and markers 59 Table 19. Factors affecting urinary ACR 64 Table 20. Decline in kidney function in various populations (longitudinal studies only) 65 Table 21. Decline in kidney function in CKD populations 67 Table 22. Studies ev

FAQs

What does the KDIGO 2012 guideline cover for chronic kidney disease?

It covers evaluation, classification, identification, prediction of CKD progression, and management of progression and complications, organized across multiple chapters and supported by tables and figures.

How does the guideline address CKD definitions and progression?

It includes chapters focused on CKD definition, identification, prediction of progression, and prognosis, along with nomenclature and classification approaches.

How are recommendations supported within the guideline?

The document includes sections for guideline development methods and grading, supported by tables detailing evidence grading and the balance of benefits and harms.

Sep 18, 2026

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