Journal of Urban Mobility - Volume 3 - December 2023 - Park-and-Ride Facility Location - multi-criteria decision making using Grey-AHP

Sep 18, 2026

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Planning a Park-and-Ride (P&R) system within an urban area depends on transportation planning professionals agreeing on the most important evaluation criteria. This study analyzes mobility criteria from the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) and combines them with planner expertise using a multi-criteria Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP). It determines main and secondary criteria in a two-level hierarchy, surveys professionals, builds the multi-criteria formulation, and derives a ranking from most to least important for siting P&R facilities. Results are compared with FAHP and BWM, showing strong alignment and highlighting accessibility of public transport as closely linked to P&R planning.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages177

Reading Time7 h 26 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Decision context for P&R system location

Role of SUMP mobility policies and planner specialization

Multi-criteria methods and research gap

Journal of Urban Mobility 3 (2023) 100050 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Urban Mobility journal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/urbmob)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/urbmob](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/urbmob) | A two-phase decision making based on the grey analytic hierarchy process for evaluating the issue of park-and-ride facility location | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Jairo Ortega a,∗, Sarbast Moslemb, János Tótha, Martin Ortega c
a Department of Transport Technology and Economics, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
b School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland c Departamento de Eléctrica, Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de Cuenca, 010107 Cuenca, Ecuador | | | | a r t i c l e i n f o
Keywords: P&RMulticriteria Grey-AHP Accessibility | a b s t r a c t
Planning a Park-and-Ride (P&R) system in an urban area of a city depends on a group of transportation planning professionals with diﬀerent areas of expertise in mobility, agreeing on which criteria or set of criteria are the most important. In addition to analysing the criteria established as mobility policies in the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP), when establishing a set of facilities belonging to the P&R system. To ﬁnd out which criterion is the most important one when combining the mobility criteria established in the SUMP with the criteria of transportation planners with diﬀerent expertise, this paper applies the multi-criteria method known as the Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP). In this method, at ﬁrst the main and secondary criteria are determined at two levels that allow building a hierarchical structure, then transportation professionals are surveyed, and ﬁnally, the formulation of the multi-criteria method is designed. The result of the study illustrates the eﬀectiveness and usefulness of the proposed multi-criteria method to determine the hierarchy of criteria from most to least important to solve the problem of locating a P&R system. Also, the results are compared with two diﬀerent multicriteria methods (FAHP and BWM) to see how they are alike and how they are diﬀerent. The ﬁnding suggests that the planning of a P&R system and the criterion for the accessibility of public transport go hand in hand, regardless of the multi-criteria method employed. | | 1. Introduction From the perspective of an urban environment, a city’s P&R system comprises a set of facilities that are distributed throughout the city and are designed with the main objective of facilitating modal interchange between private vehicles and public transport. Consequently, their location is related to a set of speciﬁc parameters associated with public transport, and with parameters related to private vehicles. In order to explicitly evaluate multiple conﬂicting criteria in decision-making between the two modes of transport that are combined in the P&R system, multi-criteria methods have been developed. The criteria for establishing a P&R system may vary depending on the mobility policies that a city has established in its Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP). For example, a city establishes a mobility policy to reduce traﬃc in the city center and establishes a P&R system as an action that helps fulﬁll the mobility policy. On the other hand, a city that has a mobility policy that aims to reduce car dependency in the daily commute of its citizens: it employs the P&R system as a modal interchange point to increase the number of public transport users. In ad- ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [jortegaortega@edu.bme.hu](jortegaortega@edu.bme.hu) (J. Ortega). dition to the set of criteria of the city’s mobility policy, the background of the transport planner must be taken into account. For example, a planner whose specialt

FAQs

What does the study suggest about the relationship between P&R planning and transport accessibility?

The results indicate that P&R system planning and the accessibility of public transport work together, regardless of the specific multi-criteria method used.

Sep 18, 2026

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