Journal of Clinical Nursing - Empirical Research Quantitative - Understandability and Actionability of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Lymphedema Education Material in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery - Expert Evaluation

Aug 28, 2026

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Evaluate an AI-assisted lymphedema education material designed for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery, using expert appraisal and standardized patient education assessment methods. The study develops educational content with ChatGPT-4 commands, then checks readability for Turkish and for health literature. Ten experts rate understandability and actionability via the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool and the Global Quality Scale, supported by inter-expert internal consistency analysis. Results show Turkish readability at 67.3 (“easily understandable”) and high understandability (92.10 ± 9.03) with strong actionability (81.60 ± 18.47), leading to a reasonable overall educational contribution for clinical practice.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Aims

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Implication for the Profession

Patient or Public Contribution

Summary

Contribution to the global clinical community

Introduction

Breast cancer burden

Breast cancer-related lymphedema

Journal of Clinical Nursing EMPIRICAL RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE Understandability and Actionability of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Lymphedema Education Material in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery: Expert Evaluation Gülseren Maraş Baydoğan | Yeliz Sürme | Handan Topan Faculty of Health Sciences, Surgery Nursing, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye Correspondence: Handan Topan ([handan_varol@hotmail.com](handan_varol@hotmail.com)) Received: 14 November 2024 | Revised: 20 August 2025 | Accepted: 23 September 2025 Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Keywords: artificial intelligence | chatGPT | educational material | lymphedema | patient education ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate the artificial intelligence-assisted lymphedema education material in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Design: A comprehensive, successful methodological design was used to evaluate the portability of the expandable, AI-supported lymphedema education material for breast cancer. The study was reported in accordance with the STROBE statement (see Data S1 for the completed STROBE [Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology] checklist). When preparing the AI-supported lymphedema education material managed with breast cancer treatment, it is first determined in the education of patients. Then, the commands of the Chat GBT-4 program are included in the scope of the transferred education content. For the created education content, readability was first evaluated and expert opinion was taken for the final version of the draft. Methods: While preparing the AI-assisted lymphedema education material in the study, expert opinions were obtained, and the educational needs of the patients were determined by scanning the literature. Then, 12 commands were given in the ChatGPT-4 program to create the educational content. Formulas were used to evaluate the readability of the created educational content in Turkish and the readability of the health literature. The validity of the lymphedema education material was presented to 10 experts. The experts evaluated the understandability and actionability of the educational material using the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool and the Global Quality Scale, which evaluates the quality of the educational material. Results: It was concluded that the readability index of the lymphedema education material for Turkish was 67.3, and the Turkish readability level was ‘easily understandable’. The readability index of health literature was found to be 11.28, 9.68, 10.58, 39.0, and 11.26, respectively. When the internal consistency coefficient between the experts was examined, it was found to be 0.74. It was determined that the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool understandability score average was 92.10 ± 9.03, and the actionability score average was 81.60 ± 18.47. The Global Quality Scale score average, which evaluates the suitability and quality of the content of the AI-supported educational material, was found to be 4.10 ± 0.87. Conclusion: At the end of the study, it was determined that the educational material was reasonable regarding understandability and actionability. The Turkish readability level was also reasonable and easily understandable. Implication for the Profession: This study is one of the proactive attempts to use AI in preparing educational materials for nurses and healthcare professionals. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2025; 0:1–10 1 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.70123](https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.70123) Summary • What does this paper contribute to the broader global clinical community? ○ The study provides a unique perspective on the understandability and actionability of AI-supported lymphedema educational material in patients, potentially inspiring new research and practices in the field. ○ T

FAQs

What is the purpose of the study on AI-assisted lymphedema education?

The study aims to evaluate the understandability and actionability of an AI-assisted lymphedema education material for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.

How was the educational content created and prepared for evaluation?

Educational material was prepared using ChatGPT-4 commands based on transferred breast cancer treatment education content, then reviewed for readability and finalized with expert feedback.

What were the main evaluation results for readability and expert ratings?

Turkish readability index was 67.3 (“easily understandable”), with expert-measured understandability averaging 92.10 ± 9.03 and actionability averaging 81.60 ± 18.47; the Global Quality Scale averaged 4.10 ± 0.87.

Aug 28, 2026

Uploaded by Violet