Investigation of in-vitro Anti-Cancer and Apoptotic Potential of Garlic-Derived Nanovesicles against Prostate and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Q: What was the primary objective of this study on garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs)?

To investigate the anti-cancerous potential of GDNVs against HeLa and PC-3 cell lines and clarify mechanisms including apoptosis induction and inhibition of EMT.

Q: Which assays and analyses were used to evaluate apoptosis and anti-metastatic effects?

Apoptosis was evaluated using nuclear morphology changes with DAPI and PI/annexin V analysis, supported by Western blot of bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3. Anti-metastatic potential was assessed via wound healing assay and EMT transition inhibition.

Sep 21, 2026

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Garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs) were investigated for in-vitro anti-cancer efficacy against prostate (PC-3) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, with focus on apoptosis induction and suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). GDNVs were isolated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, then characterized by DLS, FESEM, and FTIR. Cytotoxicity was quantified using MTT assays, while apoptosis was assessed via nuclear morphology, DAPI, PI/annexin V, and Western blotting of bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages11

Reading Time28 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Background on cervical and prostate cancers

Plant-derived bioactive compounds and nanovesicles

Rationale for garlic-derived nanovesicles

RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:09/28/2023 Acceptance:02/20/2024 Investigation of in-vitro Anti-Cancer and Apoptotic Potential of Garlic-Derived Nanovesicles against Prostate and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines Vinayak Sharma, Eshu Singhal Sinha, Jagtar Singh* Abstract Objective: Investigate the anti-cancerous potential of garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs), exploring their cytotoxic effects on HeLa and PC-3 cell lines, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including apoptosis induction and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: GDNVs were isolated using differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. Characterization was performed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) . Cytotoxicity assessments on HeLa and PC-3 cell lines using MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was evaluated through nuclear morphology changes and quantification of apoptotic cells using DAPI and PI/annexin V analysis. Western blot of apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2, bax, caspase-3) was analysed. Anti-metastatic potential was assessed using wound healing assay and EMT transition inhibition. Results: Garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs), characterized by a size of 134.2 nm, demonstrated a substantial and dose-as well as time-dependent anti-proliferative impact on HeLa and PC-3 cell lines. The induction of apoptosis was unequivocally established through discernible modifications in nuclear morphology. The apoptotic cell count in HeLa and PC-3 cells increased by 42.4 ± 4.2% and 38.2 ± 3.2%, respectively. Comprehensive Western blot demonstrated alterations in the expression of key apoptotic regulators, namely bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3, providing robust evidence for the initiation of apoptosis. Furthermore, GDNVs exerted a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.001) on the migratory potential of both HeLa and PC-3 cells. Moreover, there was a discernible association between GDNVs and the suppression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), emphasizing their role in impeding the metastatic potential of these cancer cell lines. Conclusion: This study establishes, for the first time, the anti-cancerous potential of GDNVs. The observed dose-and time-dependent anti-proliferative effects, selective cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and anti-migratory potential highlight GDNVs as a promising candidate for cancer treatment. Keywords: Prostate cancer-cervical cancer-nanovesicles-apoptosis-metastasis Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 25 (2), 575-585 Introduction The global health landscape faces significant challenges with cervical and prostate cancers, profoundly influencing cancer-related mortality. Cervical cancer, primarily affecting women, holds the fourth position among the most prevalent cancers in females worldwide [1] . Prostate cancer, primarily impacting men, stands asthe second most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. As reported by the World Health Organization in 2020, cervical cancer in women accounted for around 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths [2] . In the United States during 2021, approximately 248,530 new cases of prostate cancer in men were diagnosed, resulting in about 34,130 deaths [3, 4]. These cancers present challenges, including late-stage diagnosis, restricted access to screening and early detection methods, socioeconomic disparities, and low awareness, all contributing to increased mortality rates [5, 6]. Current treatment options for cervical and prostate cancers have limitations, such as adverse side effects and the emergence of drug resistance [7]. Consequently, thereis an urgent need to investigate innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively tackle these malignancies. Extensive research has focused on exploring the diverse array of bioactive compounds found in plants, showcasing their therapeutic potential against a range of diseases, including cancer [8, 9] . Epidem

FAQs

What was the primary objective of this study on garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDNVs)?

To investigate the anti-cancerous potential of GDNVs against HeLa and PC-3 cell lines and clarify mechanisms including apoptosis induction and inhibition of EMT.

How were the GDNVs isolated and characterized in the study?

GDNVs were isolated using differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, then characterized using DLS, FESEM, and FTIR.

Which assays and analyses were used to evaluate apoptosis and anti-metastatic effects?

Apoptosis was evaluated using nuclear morphology changes with DAPI and PI/annexin V analysis, supported by Western blot of bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3. Anti-metastatic potential was assessed via wound healing assay and EMT transition inhibition.

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Aurora