IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

Q: What was the study designed to investigate?

The study determined whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as helpful diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer.

Q: How were the biomarker levels measured?

Serum concentrations of the tested proteins were measured using ELISA.

Sep 21, 2026

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Novel diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer remain a key unmet need. This study evaluated whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 can serve as useful markers. Serum concentrations were measured by ELISA in 93 women with endometrial cancer and 66 with noncancerous endometrial lesions. Median levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the cancer group. Cut-off values showed discrimination with reported sensitivities and specificities.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Abstract

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1. Introduction

biomolecules Article IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer Mateusz Kozłowski 1, *, Dominika Borzyszkowska 1, Natalia Lerch 1, Agnieszka Turo ´n-Skrzypi ´nska 2, Marta Tkacz 3, Jerzy Lubikowski 1, Maciej Tarnowski 3, Iwona Rotter 2 and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska 1 Citation: Kozłowski, M.; Borzyszkowska, D.; Lerch, N.; Turo ´n-Skrzypi ´nska, A.; Tkacz, M.; Lubikowski, J.; Tarnowski, M.; Rotter, I.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1095. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/biom14091095](10.3390/biom14091095) Academic Editors: Jordi Camps, Isabel Fort Gallifa and Xavier Gabaldó Barrios Received: 6 July 2024 Revised: 29 August 2024 Accepted: 29 August 2024 Published: 1 September 2024 Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) . 1 Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powsta ´nców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland 2 Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Z˙ ołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland 3 Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Z˙ ołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland * [Correspondence: mateusz.kozlowski@pum.edu.pl](Correspondence: mateusz.kozlowski@pum.edu.pl) Abstract: The search for novel endometrial cancer diagnostic biomarkers is pertinent. The purpose of this study was to determine if IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as novel, helpful markers for the detection of endometrial cancer. Ninety-three women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) and sixty-six patients with noncancerous endometrial lesions (NCEL) were included in this study. ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of the proteins tested. Median serum levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the EC group compared with NCEL. The cut-off level of IL-4 was set at 802.26 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 83.87% and a specificity of 50%(AUC = 0.7, p = 0.000023) . The cut-off level of IL-7 was set at 133.63 ng/L with a sensitivity of 96.77% and a specificity of 75.76%(AUC = 0.91, p < 0.000001) . The cut-off level of IL-9 was set at 228.79 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 69.89% and a specificity of 81.82%(AUC = 0.8, p < 0.000001) . The cut-off level of NT was set at 275.43 pmol/L with a sensitivity of 94.62% and a specificity of 59.09%(AUC = 0.83, p < 0.000001) . The cut-off level of NRP1 was set at 30.37 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 81.72% and a specificity of 57.58%(AUC = 0.71, p = 0.000004) . This study suggests the clinical utility of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Nevertheless, these biomarkers may also have prognostic or predictive value, which should be tested in future studies. Keywords: endometrial cancer; diagnosis; biomarker; IL-4; IL-7; IL-9; IL-10; neurotensin; thrombospondin-2; neuropilin 1 1. Introduction Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and the fourth most prevalent malignancy in women [1,2] . The incidence of endometrial cancer is steadily increasing worldwide [3] . In 2020, it was observed that 417,367 women globally developed endometrial cancer, with Poland having 9869 cases, representing the highest global incidence rate [4] . The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age. Most cases occur in postmenopausal women, typically between the sixth and seventh decades of life [5,6] . Approxima

FAQs

What was the study designed to investigate?

The study determined whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as helpful diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer.

How were the biomarker levels measured?

Serum concentrations of the tested proteins were measured using ELISA.

Which biomarkers showed significantly higher median serum levels in endometrial cancer?

IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the endometrial cancer group compared with noncancerous lesions.

Sep 21, 2026

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