Identifying Visitor Preferences for Locations and Features in Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesia - Using GPS Tracking and Geotagged Photos

Sep 10, 2026

Uploaded by Rizky

Research examines visitors’ landscape preferences in Bogor Botanical Garden by linking what people photograph with where they are located. GPS loggers and visitors’-employed photography (VEP) are used to collect geotagged movement traces and photo points from 35 respondents. Data are processed in ArcGIS by computing point density in 20 m × 20 m cells and defining hotspots via a threshold based on standard deviation. Results show clustered visitation, and the most photographed features emphasize water, structures, and plants, with recreationally arranged plants drawing particular attention.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Introduction

Theory and Method

Theory

Photo-based research

IDENTIFYING VISITOR PREFERENCES FOR LOCATIONSAND FEATURES IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN, INDONESIA, USING GPS TRACKING AND GEOTAGGED PHOTOS Akhmad Arifin Hadi*, Yusuke Mizuuchi**, Dwi Setyanti***, Tsuyoshi Honjo****, Katsunori Furuya***** *) Lecturer, Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, 16680, +62-251-8422415, E-mail: [arifin_hadi@ipb.ac.id](arifin_hadi@ipb.ac.id)[ ](arifin_hadi@ipb.ac.id)**) Ph.D. and Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4890031, +81-561-82-2371 ***) Landscape architect, Centre for Plants Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,16003, +62-251-8322187 ****) Professor, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 271- 8510,+81-47-308-8896 *****) Professor, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 271- 8510, +81-47-308-8884 ABSTRACT Research on visitors’ landscape preferences in a botanical garden is useful for understanding what visitors see while they visit the site. Analyzing visitors’preference by using GPS tracking data and Visitors’-Employed Photography (VEP) is one of approach that successfully implemented in some studies. GPS loggers and visitors’photos were used in this study to identify and locate features considered impressive by visitors. This research involved 35 normal visitors of Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) as respondents, who were asked to capture impressive landscape features while visiting the BBG. Each respondent used their own smartphone or camera to take photographs and recorded their actual positions using a GPS logger. The data of GPS tracking and geo-tagged photos were exported into ArcGIS. The 20 by 20 meters square cell were joined with points' data to calculate density of tracking points and photos points. A cell was categorized as hotspots if the number of points more than 2.5 times of standard deviation. The results show that respondents were concentrated on several geographic locations within the BBG; the most-photographed features were water, structures, and plants. Interestingly, the most-photographed plants were those arranged for recreational (rather than botanical or educational) purposes, suggesting new considerations for managers of botanical gardens. Keywords: landscape, botanical garden, GPS, photo Hadi, Mizuuchi, Setyanti, Honjo & Furuya : IDENTIFYING VISITOR PREFERENCES FOR LOCATIONS AND FEATURES IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN, INDONESIA, USING GPS TRACKING AND GEOTAGGED PHOTOS INTRODUCTION Botanical gardens, originally founded as botanical conservation sites, have nowadays become popular as tourist destinations. A common problem facing modern botanical gardens is that people’s motivation for visiting them is shifting from education about conservation issues to a more complex tourism context (Ballantyne, Packer, and Hughes, 2008) . In the case of Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG), Indonesia, visitors’motivations include not only the acquisition of botanical knowledge, but also the opportunity to escape from their daily activities, gather with relatives, and enjoy nature (Hermansyah and Waluya, 2012) . A better understanding of visitors’perceptions and preferences regarding the BBG is essential to managing for the sustainability of recreation and tourism at the site. The outdoor recreation is related with landscape quality and visitors’preferences. The aesthetic of landscape features such as objects and sceneries is important for BBG’s manager because it is related with visitors’ satisfaction during recreation in BBG. Therefore the study about landscape preference is important for evaluation, planning and management of BBG. There are some method to implement landscape preference research, such as by interview, questionnaire and on-site observation. However, sometimes there are differences between people’s statement about preferred landscape they think and their response on the site after having on-site experience

FAQs

Which landscape features attract the most photographs, and what do the results suggest for garden managers?

The most photographed features are water, structures, and plants. The most photographed plants are those arranged for recreational purposes, suggesting new considerations for botanical garden management.

Sep 10, 2026

Uploaded by Rizky