Humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigen Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) and its tumor-promoting potential in lung cancer

Q: What is the study’s main goal regarding UBQLN1 and lung cancer?

To assess UBQLN1 expression in lung cancer and to determine the diagnostic capability of autoantibodies against UBQLN1 (anti-UBQLN1) for lung cancer detection and pulmonary nodule discrimination.

Q: How were anti-UBQLN1 and UBQLN1 expression levels measured?

Anti-UBQLN1 levels were measured using HuProt microarrays and ELISA from sera of 798 participants. UBQLN1 expression in tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting.

Q: What diagnostic performance did anti-UBQLN1 achieve, and what improved it?

Anti-UBQLN1 alone produced an AUC of 0.610, while AUC increased to 0.822 when combined with CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA125, and three CT indicators for pulmonary nodule discrimination.

Q: What functional impact did UBQLN1 knockdown have on lung adenocarcinoma cells?

UBQLN1 knockdown significantly inhibited migration, invasion, and proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Sep 21, 2026

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Study investigates UBQLN1 expression in lung cancer tissue and evaluates whether autoantibodies against UBQLN1 (anti-UBQLN1) support lung cancer diagnosis and discrimination of pulmonary nodules. Using sera from 798 participants, autoantibody levels are assessed with HuProt microarrays and ELISA, with logistic regression and ROC analyses. UBQLN1 expression is examined in lung cancer and para-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting, while functional effects are tested via Transwell and CCK-8 assays. Anti-UBQLN1 shows diagnostic potential and UBQLN1 knockdown suppresses migration, invasion, and proliferation.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages17

Reading Time43 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Background

Epidemiology and screening

Tumor-associated antigens and autoantibodies

Technologies for discovery and prior work

UBQLN1 functions

Wang et al. BMC Cancer (2024) 24:283 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-12019-w](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-12019-w) BMC Cancer RESEARCH Open Access Humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigen Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) and its tumor-promoting potential in lung cancer Yulin Wang1,2†, Songyun Ouyang3†, Man Liu1,2,4, Qiufang Si1,2, Xue Zhang1,2, Xiuzhi Zhang1, Jiaqi Li 1,2, Peng Wang2, Hua Ye2, Jianxiang Shi1,2, Chunhua Song2, Kaijuan Wang2 and Liping Dai 1,2* Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the expression of UBQLN1 in lung cancer (LC) tissue and the diagnostic capability of autoantibody to UBQLN1 (anti-UBQLN1) in the detection of LC and the discrimination of pulmonary nodules (PNs) . Methods Sera from 798 participants were used to discover and validate the level of autoantibodies via HuProt microarray and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Logistic regression analysis was applied to establish model. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic potential. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect UBQLN1 expression in 88 LC tissues and 88 para-tumor tissues. qRT-PCRand western blotting were performed to detect the expression of UBQLN1 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Trans-well assay and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to investigate the function of UBQLN1 . Results Anti-UBQLN1 was identified with the highest fold change by protein microarray. The level of anti-UBQLN1 in LC patients was obviously higher than that in NC or patients with benign lung disease of validation cohort 1 (P<0 . 05) . The area under the curve (AUC) of anti-UBQLN1 was 0.610 (95%CI: 0 .508-0. 713) while reached at 0.822 (95%CI: 0 .784-0. 897) when combining anti-UBQLN1 with CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA125 and three CT indicators (vascular notch sign, lobulation sign and mediastinal lymph node enlargement) in the discrimination of PNs. UBQLN1 protein was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to para-tumor tissues. UBQLN1 knockdown remarkably inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of LUAD cell lines. Conclusions Anti-UBQLN1 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of LC and the discrimination of PNs. Keywords Pulmonary nodules, Autoantibody, UBQLN1, Diagnostic model, Lung cancer †Yulin Wang and Songyun Ouyang contributed equally to this work. *Correspondence: Liping Dai[lpdai@zzu.edu.cn](lpdai@zzu.edu.cn) Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[http://creativecom](http://creativecom)[mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Wang et al. BMC Cancer (2024) 24:283 Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common

FAQs

What is the study’s main goal regarding UBQLN1 and lung cancer?

To assess UBQLN1 expression in lung cancer and to determine the diagnostic capability of autoantibodies against UBQLN1 (anti-UBQLN1) for lung cancer detection and pulmonary nodule discrimination.

How were anti-UBQLN1 and UBQLN1 expression levels measured?

Anti-UBQLN1 levels were measured using HuProt microarrays and ELISA from sera of 798 participants. UBQLN1 expression in tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting.

What diagnostic performance did anti-UBQLN1 achieve, and what improved it?

Anti-UBQLN1 alone produced an AUC of 0.610, while AUC increased to 0.822 when combined with CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA125, and three CT indicators for pulmonary nodule discrimination.

What functional impact did UBQLN1 knockdown have on lung adenocarcinoma cells?

UBQLN1 knockdown significantly inhibited migration, invasion, and proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Sep 21, 2026

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