Genetic relationship among the local maize accessions based on SSR markers in Bali, Indonesia

Sep 15, 2026

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Molecular marker characterization is not affected by environmental variation, enabling an accurate view of kinship among closely related and distant plant materials. This study evaluates genetic diversity and kinship relationships among 12 local Balinese maize accessions (Zea mays L.) derived from exploration of the drought-resistant, high-yielding cultivar Lamuru using SSR markers. DNA amplification was performed with a BIO-RAD T100 PCR system and analyzed with iMEC and NTSYS to generate a Jaccard-based UPGMA dendrogram. Results show substantial genetic diversity, with Jaccard similarity ranging from 0.28 to 0.65.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages12

Reading Time30 min

AccessFree to download

Summary

Genetic diversity and kinship assessment

SSR marker analysis pipeline

Key findings (Jaccard similarity range)

Introduction

Importance of local maize genetic resources

Need for exploration in Bali, Indonesia

RESEARCH ARTICLE | SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 56 (6) 2184-2195, 2024
[http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.1](http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.1)
[http://sabraojournal.org/](http://sabraojournal.org/)
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978 | | | | --- | --- | --- | | GENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE LOCAL MAIZE ACCESSIONS BASED ON SSR
MARKERS IN BALI, INDONESIA
N. L. M. PRADNYAWATHI* 1, I. N. RAI 1, R. DWIYANI 1, G. WIJANA 1, and
I.G. P. M. ARYANA2
1 Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Indonesia 2 Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University, Indonesia
*Corresponding author’s email: [pradnyawathi@unud.ac.id](pradnyawathi@unud.ac.id)
Email addresses of co-authors: [rainyoman@unud.ac.id](rainyoman@unud.ac.id), [rindangdwiyani@unud.ac.id](rindangdwiyani@unud.ac.id), [muliarta1@yahoo.co.id](muliarta1@yahoo.co.id),
[gedewijana@unud.ac.id](gedewijana@unud.ac.id)
SUMMARY
Characterization using molecular markers is not influenced by environmental factors; hence, it can provide an accurate picture of kinship relationships between species and distant relatives. The presented research aims to determine the genetic diversity and kinship relationship among 12 local Balinese maize (Zea mays L.) accessions, resulting from the exploration of one drought-resistant and high-yielding maize cultivar (Lamuru) with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The DNA amplification carried out by the study used a BIO-RAD T100 PCR instrument. The calculation of 10 SSR markers information utilized the iMEC online software, with the data analyzed using NTSYS 2.02 software to produce a dendrogram (phylogenetic analysis) . The dendrogram development engaged the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the UPGMA clustering method. After studying their genetic profiles, the local Balinese maize accessions were genetically diverse. Assessing 12 local Balinese maize accessions and one superior cultivar revealed locations at a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0.28 to 0.65. Maize accession Putih Bayung Gede (Karo) was the most distinct genotype, separating at a coefficient of 0.28. The separation of two other maize accessions, Berondong Lokal, and Kuning/Panes Daup, from the other 10 maize genotypes had a coefficient of 0.35. Accession Ketan Belok Sidan had the most similar DNA profile to the high-yielding maize cultivar, Lamuru, with a similarity coefficient of 0.65.
Keywords: Maize (Z. mays L.), dendrogram, exploration, genetic diversity, Jaccard similarity coefficient, kinship relationships
Communicating Editor: Dr. Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng
Manuscript received: March 02, 2024; Accepted: May 20, 2024
© Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) 2024 | | | Citation: Pradnyawathi NLM, Rai IN, Dwiyani R, Wijana G, Aryana IGPM (2024) . Genetic relationship among the local maize accessions based on SSR markers in Bali, Indonesia. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 56(6): 2184-2195. [http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.1](http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.1) . Key findings: Local Balinese maize (Z. mays L.) accessions occurred highly diverse regarding their genetic profile. Twelve local Balinese maize accessions, i.e., Lokal Landih, Barak Bayung Gede, Putih Bayung Gede (Karo), Lokal Bangli, Barak Keliki Kintamani, Pengootan, Berondong Lokal, Kuning/Panes Daup, Injin Daup, Bali Malet Gusti, Barak Belok Sidan, and Ketan Belok Sidan and one high-yielding and drought-resistant cultivar (Lamuru) underwent evaluation, and they laid between Jaccard similarity coefficients of 0.28 and 0.65. INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays L.) local cultivars and landraces are long-cultivated crops and have adapted to the existing environmental conditions and the farming community’s cultivation methods (Palumbo et al., 2017; DiPasquale et al., 2024), and are diverse and heterogeneous populations (Mathiang et al., 2022) .

FAQs

What is the main goal of this research article?

To determine genetic diversity and kinship relationships among 12 local Balinese maize accessions using SSR markers, compared with the superior cultivar Lamuru.

Which method and software are used to generate the genetic relationship dendrogram?

SSR marker information is processed with iMEC online, and NTSYS 2.02 is used to produce a dendrogram using the Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA clustering.

What does the Jaccard similarity coefficient range indicate about the maize accessions?

It shows substantial genetic variation among the tested accessions, with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.65.

Sep 15, 2026

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