Foundation Exam Reference Sheet - stdlib.h Functions - malloc calloc realloc free srand rand abs atoi atof - math.h Functions - pow sqrt fabs exp log - string.h Functions - strcmp strlen strcpy strcat - Summation Formulas

Q: Which stdlib.h functions are included for memory management and what do they do?

The sheet includes malloc, calloc, realloc, and free. These allocate or resize heap memory and deallocate memory pointed to by ptr.

Q: What mathematical functions from math.h are listed for exponentiation, roots, and logs?

It lists pow(x,y) for powers, sqrt(x) for square roots, fabs(x) for absolute value, exp(x) for exponentials, and log(x) for natural logarithms.

Q: Which string functions are provided for comparison, length, copying, and concatenation?

The sheet includes strcmp for lexicographic comparison, strlen for string length, strcpy for copying, and strcat for concatenation into destination strings.

Sep 19, 2026

Uploaded by 4398046744996

Foundation Exam Reference Sheet compiling key C library function prototypes and mathematical summation formulas for quick revision. It lists memory management routines (malloc, calloc, realloc, free), random number utilities (srand, rand), integer and conversion helpers (abs, atoi, atof), and core math operations (pow, sqrt, fabs, exp, log). It also includes string operations for lexicographic comparison, length, copy, and concatenation (strcmp, strlen, strcpy, strcat) plus summation identities used in series calculations.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages2

Reading Time5 min

AccessFree to download

stdlib.h functions

malloc, calloc, realloc, free

srand, rand, abs, atoi, atof

math.h functions

pow, sqrt, fabs, exp, log

string.h functions

strcmp, strlen, strcpy, strcat

Summation formulas

Foundation Exam Reference Sheet stdlib.h functions // Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the beginning // of the block of memory allocated. void* malloc (size_t size); // Allocates an array of nitems, each which is size bytes // big, sets all bits to 0 and returns a pointer to the // beginning of the block of memory allocated. void* calloc(size_t nitems, size_t size); // Attempts to resize the memory block pointed to by ptr to be // size bytes and returns a pointer to the beginning of the // block of memory allocated. void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size); // Deallocates memory pointed to by ptr. free(void* ptr); // Seeds the random number generator used by the rand function // with seed. void srand(unsigned int seed); // Returns a pseudo-random number in the range of 0 to // RAND_MAX (usually 32767) . int rand(void); // Returns the absolute value of x. int abs(int x); // Returns the string pointed to by str to its equivalent // integer value, so long as the string pointed to by str is // a valid integer. int atoi(const char* str); // Returns the string pointed to by str to its equivalent // float value, so long as the string pointed to by str is // a valid floating point number. int atof(const char* str); math.h functions // Returns x raised to the power y. double pow(double x, double y); // Returns the square root of x as long as x >= 0. double sqrt(double x); // Returns the absolute value of x. double fabs(double x); // Returns e raised to the power x. double exp(double x); // Returns the natural log of x, so long as x > 0. double log(double x); string.h functions // Returns a negative integer if the string pointed to by str1 // comes before the string pointed to by str2 lexicographically,// 0 if both strings are equal and a positive integer if the // string pointed to by str1 comes after the string pointed to // by str2 lexicographically. int strcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2); // Returns the length of the string pointed to by str. int strlen(const char* str); // Copies the contents of the string pointed to by src into // the string pointed to by dest and returns a pointer to the // memory address where the string was copied. char* strcpy(char* dest, const char* src); // Appends the contents of the string pointed to by src // to the string pointed to by dest and returns a pointer to // the memory address of the beginning of the concatenated // string. char* strcat(char* dest, const char* src); Summation Formulas ∑1 􀜿 = 􀜿􀝊 ∑1 􀝅 = 􀯡~~ ~~(􀯡2+1) , ∑1 􀝅 2 = 􀯡~~ ~~(􀯡+1)6(2􀯡+1), ∑1 􀝅 3 = 􀯡~~ ~~2~~ ~~(􀯡4+1)2 , ∑0 􀝔 􀯜 = 1􀯫 , |􀝔| < 1

FAQs

Which stdlib.h functions are included for memory management and what do they do?

The sheet includes malloc, calloc, realloc, and free. These allocate or resize heap memory and deallocate memory pointed to by ptr.

What mathematical functions from math.h are listed for exponentiation, roots, and logs?

It lists pow(x,y) for powers, sqrt(x) for square roots, fabs(x) for absolute value, exp(x) for exponentials, and log(x) for natural logarithms.

Which string functions are provided for comparison, length, copying, and concatenation?

The sheet includes strcmp for lexicographic comparison, strlen for string length, strcpy for copying, and strcat for concatenation into destination strings.

Sep 19, 2026

Uploaded by 4398046744996