Exploring the risk of second primary malignancies in laryngeal cancer survivors: insights from the SEER database

Sep 21, 2026

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Investigation of second primary malignancy (SPM) risk among laryngeal cancer (LC) survivors using the National Cancer Institute’s SEER database. A retrospective population-based cohort from 2000–2020 assessed SPM incidence via standardized incidence ratios, with stratification by anatomic site and latency. In 8413 observed SPM cases, overall SIR was 2.12 versus the US population, with higher risk in younger patients, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased risk was linked to multimodality treatment and specific SPM sites.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages9

Reading Time23 min

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Abstract

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European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (2024) 281:4409–4417 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-08731-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-08731-9) Exploring the risk of second primary malignancies in laryngeal cancer survivors: insights from the SEER database Abdelrahman Yousry Afify1 · Mohamed Hady Ashry1,2 Received: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 9 May 2024 / Published online: 22 May 2024 © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Purpose We intended to investigate the risk for second primary malignancy (SPM) development in Laryngeal Cancer (LC) survivors. We conducted a population-based analysis of SPM risk using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods Data of selected LC survivors from the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were examined. Standardized Incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development were calculated, followed by detailed stratification according to anatomical site and different latency periods. Results A total of 8413 SPMs were observed in our extracted cohort. The collective standardized incidence of SPMs was 2.12 (95% CI 2.07–2.17) compared to the US population, with an absolute excess risk (AER) of 201.73 per 10,000 individuals. The highest SPM risks were observed in patients with young age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased SPM risks were reported in patients receiving all modalities of treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Most SPMs were detected in solid organs such as the lungs and bronchus, oral cavity and pharynx, and prostate. The highest increased risks of developing SPMs were observed in Trachea, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and esophagus. Conclusions The risk of SPMs in LC survivors was significantly increased compared to the general US population. Accordingly, a more impactful cancer surveillance strategy for LC patients should be implemented. Keywords Laryngeal cancer · Larynx · Cancer · Second primary malignancy · SEER · Surveillance Abbreviations SPM Second primary malignancy LC Laryngeal cancer SEER Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results SIR Standardized incidence ratio AER Absolute excess risks O/E Observed-to-expected ratio CI Confidence interval * Abdelrahman Yousry Afify[aafify@ngu.edu.eg](aafify@ngu.edu.eg) 1 School of Medicine, New Giza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt 2 Medical Research Platform, Cairo, Egypt Background Laryngeal cancer (LC) is one the most prevalent head and neck malignancies, accounting for more than 184,000 new cases yearly worldwide [1] . Additionally, approximately 100,000 LC deaths are recorded annually according to the World Health Organization [1] . In the United States alone, more than 12,000 new cases of LC have been recorded and approximately 4000 of these patients died [2] . Tobacco use is considered to be the main risk factor for LC development, and the relative risk remains elevated during the first 15 years of quitting smoking [3] . The survival time of patients with LC has been significantly prolonged in recent decades owing to early diagnosis and advancements in treatment. This results in a prolonged exposure period for second primary malignancy (SPM). The current 5-year disease-free survival rate for patients with non-metastatic LCis more than 61%[4] . In our previous work, we observed an increased risk of death attributed to secondary cancers in LC patients which further solidifies the need for investigating the incidence of SPMs in this vulnerable patient population [5] . To date, studies on the risk of SPM development in LCare scarce and outdated. Our study aims to explore the risk of developing SPMs in LC survivors in recent years. We utilized the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to calculate the standardized incidence ratios of SPMs in patients with LC compared to the general US population. Methods Study design We

FAQs

What was the study’s main goal for laryngeal cancer survivors?

To quantify the risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPMs) after a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer using SEER data.

How did the study measure second primary malignancy risk?

By calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development in LC survivors, with stratification by anatomical site and latency period.

Which patient groups showed the highest SPM risk in the results?

Patients with younger age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives had the highest observed SPM risks.

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Noah