Exploring Teachers’ Citizenship Behavior at Public Universities of the Punjab

Oct 15, 2026

The study explores the citizenship behavior of public sector university teachers. Using a quantitative design, it focuses on public sector universities in Punjab, where multistage sampling selects six universities and proportionately 400 university teachers. Data are collected via a five-point Likert scale survey questionnaire. Results are analyzed using MS-Excel 2010 and SPSS v20, with citizenship behavior assessed through mean scores, showing strong citizenship behavior and recommending further investigation across Pakistan’s educational institutions and organizations.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Introduction

Organ’s Five-Factor Model

Conscientiousness

Sportsmanship

Civic Virtue

Courtesy

Altruism

Literature Review

Exploring Teachers’Citizenship Behavior at Public Universities of the Punjab Sajid Mahmood Sajid * and Mahr Muhammad Saeed Akhtar*** Abstract The study was designed to explore the citizenship behavior of public sector university teachers. The study was quantitative in nature. The public sector universities of the Punjab province were population of the study. The researchers adopted multistage sampling technique and randomly selected six universities and from those six universities, 400 university teachers were selected proportionately. A survey questionnaire in the form of five point Likert scale was distributed to collect data. The compiled data were analyzed by employing MS-Excel 2010 along with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The university teachers’ citizenship behavior was tabulated by calculating Mean scores of the respondents. It was explored that the teachers showed strong citizenship behavior at public sector universities of the Punjab. The researchers recommended that the citizenship behavior may also be investigated, recognized and acknowledged at all other levels of educational institutions and organizations of Pakistan. Keywords: Citizenship behavior, university teachers, public universities *Ph.D. Scholar, University of the Punjab, Lahore. Email: [smsajidtbw@gmail.com](smsajidtbw@gmail.com) **Professor (Rtd), University of the Punjab, Lahore. [Email: mahrsaeed1@yahoo.com](Email: mahrsaeed1@yahoo.com) Introduction In this modern age, citizenship behavior is the mouth word of theorists and practitioners across the globe. The nature and philosophy of the organizations and their working conditions have been changed dramatically. Thus, the role of organizational workers has also been changed. This changing role of the employees gave birth to extra volunteer timing which the workers paid to the organizations. This extra role behavior was termed as organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational citizenship behaviour is clarified ina best way under the umbrella of following model. Organ’s Five-Factor Model Researchers like, Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Paine, and Bachrach (2000) found almost 30 facets of organizational citizenship behaviour from the various studies of research. They concluded that the most significant facets had been emphasized by Organ (1997) . These facets were the main factors of investigation in this study. These are described as under. 1. Conscientiousness: To go beyond the minimum roles and the requirements of tasks is concerned with conscientiousness. It indicates the employees of the organizations carrying the duties better than the minimal obligatory roles and tasks. 2. Sportsmanship: It indicates the readiness to bear the expected inconveniencesand obligations which cause some effects in the organizations devoid of complaining and go ahead by means of optimistic approach. 3. Civic Virtue: It points out the voluntary contribution, and help in the functions of organizations connected with the social and professional nature. 4. Courtesy: It deals with the optional performance of selfless and kind behaviour that helps the others in preventing duty-relevant difficulties. 5. Altruism: It indicates the actions which are voluntary and helps colleagues in duty-relevant difficulties. Literature Review The term citizenship behavior was coined by Organ in 1988 as he viewed that the behavior which was not rewarded in a formal way framed as citizenship behavior. Moreover, it helped in promoting efficient and effective functioning of the organizations. Similarly, Organ (1997) advocated courtesy and conscientiousness as the facets of organizational citizenship behavior. Later on Podsakoff et al. (2000) and polat (2009) added some other factors i.e. assisting behavior, sportsmanship, patriotic and obedience attitude, civic virtue, altruism and development of oneself. As viewed earlier, citizenship behavior is volunteer actions and duties that the in

FAQs

What is the main objective of the study?

The study aims to explore the citizenship behavior of public sector university teachers in Punjab.

How was the sample selected and how many teachers participated?

Six universities were randomly selected, and 400 university teachers were chosen proportionately from these universities.

Which five factors are used to describe teachers’ citizenship behavior?

The model uses Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Civic Virtue, Courtesy, and Altruism.

Oct 15, 2026

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