Exploring Immune-Related Gene Profiling and Infiltration of Immune Cells in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma

Sep 21, 2026

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Cervical cancer is a widespread malignancy among women, with major global health impact. Despite extensive research, basic molecules and pathogenic processes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma remain insufficient. This study identifies immune-related genes linked to CESC using GEO and ImmPort, then integrates DAVID, protein atlas, STRING, GeneMANIA, and TCGA to define expression patterns, biological roles, and links to pathological features. RT-PCR confirms CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA differences between CESC and normal tissue, supporting their prognostic and therapeutic potential.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages13

Reading Time33 min

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Abstract

1. Introduction

Cervical cancer background and major risk factors

Immune genes and immunotherapy relevance

Chemokines and tumor microenvironment role

Article # Exploring Immune-Related Gene Profiling and Infiltration of Immune Cells in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma andEndocervical Adenocarcinoma Jialu Li 1 and Juqun Xi 1,2,* 1 School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China;212203112@stu.yzu.edu.cn 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention andTreatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China * Correspondence: xijq@yzu.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-13815810961 Abstract: Cervical cancer is a widespread malignancy among women, leading to a substantial globalhealth impact. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the basic molecules and pathogenicprocesses of cervical squamous cell carcinoma is still insufficient. This investigation aims to uncoverimmune-related genes linked to CESC and delineate their functions. Leveraging data from theGEO and ImmPort databases, a total of 22 immune-related genes were identified. Multiple tools,including DAVID, the human protein atlas, STRING, GeneMANIA, and TCGA, were employed todelve into the expression and roles of these immune genes in CESC, alongside their connectionsto the disease’spathological features. Through RT-PCR, the study confirmed notable disparitiesin CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA expression between CESC and normal cervical tissue. The TCGAdataset’s immune-related information reinforced the association of CXCL8 and CXCL10 with immuneinfiltration in CESC. This research shedslight on the potential of CXCL8 and CXCL10 as promisingtherapeutic targetsand essential prognostic factors for individuals diagnosed with CESC. Citation: Li, J.; Xi, J. ExploringImmune-Related Gene Profiling andInfiltration of Immune Cells in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomaand Endocervical Adenocarcinoma.Genes 2024, 15, 121 . https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15010121 Academic Editors: Spiros Vlahopoulos and Garrett M. Dancik Received: 7 December 2023 Revised: 8 January 2024 Accepted: 12 January 2024 Published: 19 January 2024 Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access articledistributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/) . Keywords: immune related genes; CXCL8; CXCL10; immune infiltration; CESC ## 1. Introduction Cervical cancer is a prevalent global issue, ranking as one of the most widespreadcancers within the human body [1] . Persistent HPV infection induces immune tolerancein the host immune system, which is one of the important mechanisms of cervical lesions. Other important factors include sexually transmitted infections, smoking, giving birth to a large number of children, and long-term use oforal contraceptives [2] . The burden oftreating cervical cancer in developing nations remains high duetothe absence of effectivepreventive measures, like HPV vaccination and screening [3] . In recent years, epigenomeand chromatin remodeling modifiers have become the preferred molecules for regulat-ing cancer cell responsiveness to specific therapies. Many targeted molecules are beingattempted tobe developed as anticancer agents forthe treatment of cervical cancer [4] .Despite current advancementsin medical treatment and diagnosis, the outlook for patientsis still far from promising. Cervical cancer encompasses two main types: cervical squamouscell carcinoma (CESC) (75% of cases) and cervical adenocarcinoma (25% of cases) [5] . There-fore, deepening the understanding of the pathogenesisofCESC, proposing new therapeutictargetsand methods, is crucial for early diagnosis of the disease. Currently, the assess-ment and prediction of Cesc management and prognosis heavily rely on the updated 2018staging guidelines provided by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO) [6] . Numerous studies have investigated the connection between cervical cancerand immune genes, showi

FAQs

What is the main objective of the study on CESC?

To uncover immune-related genes associated with CESC and delineate their functions, including links to disease pathological features and immune cell infiltration.

Which data sources and tools were used to identify and analyze immune-related genes?

The study used GEO and ImmPort for gene identification, and applied DAVID, the human protein atlas, STRING, GeneMANIA, and TCGA to examine expression, roles, and disease associations.

What experimental evidence supports the focus on CXCL8 and CXCL10?

RT-PCR confirmed notable differences in CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA expression between CESC and normal cervical tissue, and TCGA immune-related information supported their association with immune infiltration in CESC.

Sep 21, 2026

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