Evaluation of Virtual Surgical Planning in Accuracy and Efficiency of Complex Maxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction

Q: What was the objective of this study?

To evaluate the accuracy and intraoperative efficiency of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for reconstructing complex maxillofacial trauma compared with conventional planning methods.

Q: How were patients assigned to the study groups?

Forty patients with complex midface or mandible fractures were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group A (VSP, n=20) and Group B (conventional planning, n=20).

Q: What outcomes were used to measure accuracy and efficiency?

Pre- and postoperative CT scans assessed bony alignment and symmetry, while surgical duration, intraoperative complications, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed for efficiency and safety.

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by Mafia Boss

Complex maxillofacial trauma reconstruction requires restoring accurate three-dimensional anatomy despite marked craniofacial complexity and spatial restoration demands. This prospective comparative study assessed whether virtual surgical planning (VSP) improves surgical accuracy and intraoperative efficiency compared with conventional planning. Forty patients with complex maxillofacial fractures were randomized to VSP (n=20) or conventional planning (n=20). CT-based alignment and symmetry measures were evaluated alongside operative duration, complications, and postoperative outcomes. VSP showed better alignment accuracy, shorter operative time, higher symmetry scores, and fewer minor adjustments.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages3

Reading Time8 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Sample size and selection

Equipment and materials

Original Research Evaluation of Virtual Surgical Planning in Accuracy and Efficiency of Complex Maxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction Jigar Prahelad Bhai Thakkar1, Padmanabha Kumar Govindaraj2, Pratesh Nitin Dholabhai3, Pooja Arora4, Sushree Arpita Priyadarsani5, Sameer Gupta6 1Department of Dentistry, GMERS Medical College, Vadnagar, Gujarat, India, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahsa University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia, 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed tobe University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 5Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed tobe University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, 6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Submitted: 04‑Jul‑2025 Revised: 10‑Jul‑2025 Accepted: 26‑Jul‑2025 Published: 17‑Dec‑2025 Abstract Background: Complex maxillofacial trauma reconstruction presents significant challenges due to anatomical intricacies and the need for precise spatial restoration. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance surgical accuracy and efficiency. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and intraoperative efficiency of Virtual Surgical Planning in the reconstruction of complex maxillofacial trauma compared to conventional planning methods. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 40 patients with complex maxillofacial fractures, randomly divided into two groups: Group A (VSP, n = 20) and Group B (conventional planning, n = 20) . Pre‑ and postoperative CT scans were used to assess accuracy based on bony alignment and symmetry. Surgical duration, intraoperative complications, and postoperative outcomes were also analyzed. Results: Group A showed significantly improved alignment accuracy (2.1 ± 0.4 mm deviation) compared to Group B (3.7 ± 0.8 mm; P < 0.001) . Average surgical duration was reduced in Group A (142.3 ± 11.7 minutes) versus Group B (176.5 ± 13.2 minutes; P < 0.01) . Symmetry scores, based on postoperative imaging, were superior in the VSP group (mean score 4.7/5 vs. 3.9/5; P = 0.004) . No major complications were reported in either group, though minor adjustments were less frequent in Group A. Conclusion: Virtual Surgical Planning significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of complex maxillofacial trauma reconstruction, supporting its integration into routine surgical practice. Keywords: Efficacy, oral trauma, virtual planning Introduction Maxillpresoefnatsciaalsitrganumificaantinvreoclvingonstruccomtivepclexhallfernagcteurdeuseto the functional and aesthetic importance of craniofacial anatomy. Restoring precise anatomical alignment is critical for optimal outcomes, yet traditional methods of surgical planning often rely heavily on surgeon experience and intraoperative judgment.[1] Recent advancements in imaging, computer‑assisted design, and 3D printing have revolutionized the | Access this article online | | | --- | --- | | Quick Response Code:
| Website: [https://journals.lww.com/jpbs](https://journals.lww.com/jpbs) | | | DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1174_25 | surgical landscape. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) enables surgeons to simulate procedures preoperatively, design cutting guides, and manufacture patient-specific implants. These technologies have shown promising outcomes in orthognathic and oncologic surgeries[2,3] but | Address for correspondence: Dr. Padmanabha Kumar Govindaraj, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahsa University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia.
E‑mail: [padmanabha@mahsa.edu.my](padmanabha@mahsa.edu.my) | | --- | | This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-N

FAQs

What was the objective of this study?

To evaluate the accuracy and intraoperative efficiency of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for reconstructing complex maxillofacial trauma compared with conventional planning methods.

How were patients assigned to the study groups?

Forty patients with complex midface or mandible fractures were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group A (VSP, n=20) and Group B (conventional planning, n=20).

What outcomes were used to measure accuracy and efficiency?

Pre- and postoperative CT scans assessed bony alignment and symmetry, while surgical duration, intraoperative complications, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed for efficiency and safety.

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by Mafia Boss