Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Miles

Gastric cancer shows poor outcomes when detected at advanced stages, while early diagnosis enables curative treatment and improves survival. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy serves as a key tool for screening and diagnosing gastric pre-neoplastic conditions and early lesions. This review summarizes currently available endoscopic imaging technologies and recommendations, emphasizing image-enhanced techniques—conventional and virtual chromoendoscopy, magnifying imaging, and artificial intelligence—to improve diagnostic accuracy and lesion characterization, and to support screening and surveillance strategies.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

1. Introduction

2. Indications for Endoscopic Screening of Gastric Cancer

Image-Enhanced Endoscopy (IEE)

3. Endoscopy Imaging Technologies and Recommendations

cancers Review Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach Bruno Costa Martins 1,2, *, Renata Nobre Moura 1,2, Angelo So Taa Kum 3, Carolina Ogawa Matsubayashi 3, Sergio Barbosa Marques 2,3 and Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro 1 Citation: Martins, B.C.; Moura, R.N.; Kum, A.S.T.; Matsubayashi, C.O.; Marques, S.B.; Safatle-Ribeiro, A.V. Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach. Cancers 2023, 15, 2445 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers15092445 Academic Editors: Marcello F. Maida, Alberto Murino and Alan Moss Received: 21 February 2023 Revised: 20 April 2023 Accepted: 21 April 2023 Published: 25 April 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) . 1 Endoscopy Unit, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de S¢o Paulo, University of S¢o Paulo, S¢o Paulo 01246-000, Brazil 2 Fleury Medicina e Saude, S¢o Paulo 01333-010, Brazil 3 Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Cl½nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S¢o Paulo, University of S¢o Paulo, S¢o Paulo 05403-010, Brazil * [Correspondence: bruno.costa@hc.fm.usp.br](Correspondence: bruno.costa@hc.fm.usp.br) Simple Summary: Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis when diagnosed in advanced stages, but curative treatment is possible if an early diagnosis is made. Endoscopy represents an essential tool for the detection of early neoplastic and pre-neoplastic gastric lesions and for surveillance. Many endoscopy imaging technologies have been developed to increase diagnostic accuracy. In this review, we summarize these endoscopy technologies. Abstract: Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with low long-term survival rates. An early diagnosis is essential to offer a better prognosis and curative treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main tool for the screening and diagnosis of patients with gastric pre-neoplastic conditions and early lesions. Image-enhanced techniques such as conventional chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, magnifying imaging, and artiﬁcial intelligence improve the diagnosis and the characterization of early neoplastic lesions. In this review, we provide a summary of the currently available recommendations for the screening, surveillance, and diagnosis of gastric cancer, focusing on novel endoscopy imaging technologies. Keywords: gastric cancer; endoscopy; artiﬁcial intelligence; early detection of cancer; early diagnosis 1. Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with 768,793 cases and an estimated incidence of 10,839,103 new cases yearly, according to The International Agency for Research on Cancer. Eastern Asia has the highest incidence, accounting for 60% of the cases [1] . According to gender, both the incidence and death rate in males were more than twice that in females. Most GC cases occur in patients older than 45 years of age, with a higher incidence at 65 to 70 years. Although advanced GC is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality, early detection and treatment have a good prognosis, with 5-year survival rates higher than 95%[2] . Unfortunately, more than 70% of GCs in Western countries are diagnosed in advanced stages [3] . Histologically, GC is classiﬁed as diffuse (composed of non-cohesive cells) or intestinal types (gland-forming), with different epidemiological patterns [4] . Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered a risk factor for non-cardia GC, with nearly 89% of cancers associated with this pathogen infection [5], mainly intestinal-type cancer. According to Pelayo Co

FAQs

Why is early diagnosis of gastric cancer critical?

Early diagnosis is essential because it offers better prognosis and enables curative treatment, with much higher survival rates than advanced-stage diagnosis.

What role does upper gastrointestinal endoscopy play?

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main tool for screening and diagnosis of gastric pre-neoplastic conditions and early lesions, and it supports surveillance.

Which imaging technologies can improve endoscopic diagnosis?

Image-enhanced techniques such as conventional chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, magnifying imaging, and artificial intelligence improve the detection and characterization of early neoplastic lesions.

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Miles