Emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and Sirt-1/Nrf2 and TLR-4/NF-κB in Tamarix aphylla mediated neuroprotective potential in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease - In silico and in vivo study

Sep 29, 2026

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is driven by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, closely linked to oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, compromised antioxidant defenses, and resulting neuronal dysfunction. No definitive strategy exists to prevent dopaminergic degeneration in PD, and the protective value of Tamarix aphylla remains insufficiently explored. This study uses a rotenone-induced rodent model to evaluate neuroprotection, supported by metabolite profiling, PPI hub identification, docking, and 150 ns molecular dynamics toward Sirt-1 signaling, highlighting plant compound-mediated therapeutic potential through oxidative-stress and neuroinflammation pathways.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages32

Reading Time1 h 21 min

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Abstract

Introduction

OPEN ACCESS Citation: Abu-Baih DH, Elmaidomy AH, AbouZied HA, Hussien NA, Rasekh MI, Saber EA, et al. (2026) Emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and Sirt-1/Nrf2 and TLR-4/NF-κB in Tamarix aphylla mediated neuroprotective potential in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease: In silico and in vivo study. PLoS One 21(1): e0339010. [https://doi.org/10.1371/](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[journal.pone.0339010](journal.pone.0339010) Editor: David Chau, University College London, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Received: June 4, 2025 Accepted: November 28, 2025 Published: January 6, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Abu-Baih et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data availability statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files. RESEARCH ARTICLE Emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and Sirt-1/Nrf2 and TLR-4/NF-κB in Tamarix aphylla mediated neuroprotective potential in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease: In silico and in vivo study Dalia H. Abu-Baih1,2, Abeer H. Elmaidomy3, Hesham A. Abou-Zied4, Nahla Abdelghany Hussien2, Manar I. Rasekh2, EntesarA. Saber5, Sayed Fouad El-sheikh Ali6, Mostafa E. Rateb7, Omnia Magdy Hendawy8,9, Faisal H. Altemani10, Abdullah H. Altemani11, Gerhard Bringmann12, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen2,13*, Omnia Hesham Abdelhafez13* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt, 2 Deraya Center for Scientific Research, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt, 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt, 4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt, 5 Department of Medical Science, Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt, 6 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt, 7 Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman, 8 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia, 9 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, 10 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, 11 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, 12 Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, 13 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt * [usama.ramadan@mu.edu.eg](usama.ramadan@mu.edu.eg) (URA); [omnia.hesham@deraya.edu.eg](omnia.hesham@deraya.edu.eg) (OHA) Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents as a progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, a process closely associated with increased oxidative damage due to accumulated reactive oxygen species, leading to weakened antioxidant defenses and ultimately neuronal dysfunction. Currently, no definitive approach exists to counteract the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. The use of Tamarix aphyllaas a protective agent against Parkinson’s disease is not well studied yet. In this study, a rotenone-induced rodent model was utilized to examine the neuroprotective potential of T. aphylla extract. The chemical composition of T. aphylla leaves was analyzed through LC-HR-ESI-MS profiling, identifying 13 metabolites from various chemical categories. Furthermore, the research incorporated the STRING database and Cytoscape software to perform a protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, pinpointing essential hub proteins involved in neuroprotection and inflammation in PD. Molecular docking and a

FAQs

What problem does the study target in Parkinson’s disease?

The study targets dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD, which is closely associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory processes. It aims to evaluate whether Tamarix aphylla can provide neuroprotective effects against these mechanisms.

How is Tamarix aphylla investigated in this research?

Tamarix aphylla leaf chemical composition is analyzed using LC-HR-ESI-MS profiling to identify metabolites. The study also integrates STRING and Cytoscape for protein-protein interaction analysis and applies molecular docking and 150 ns molecular dynamics to examine interactions with the Sirt-1 catalytic domain.

What model and computational methods are used to support conclusions?

A rotenone-induced rodent model is used to examine neuroprotective potential in vivo. Computationally, molecular docking and a 150 ns molecular dynamics simulation evaluate compound stability and binding affinity related to Sirt-1.

Sep 29, 2026

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