Emerging role of long non-coding RNA JPX in malignant processes and potential applications in cancers

Sep 24, 2026

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as key modulators of gene regulation and malignant processes in human cancers. The lncRNA JPX functions as a molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation, with differential expression linked to clinical features across multiple cancer types. JPX contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance via competing endogenous RNA mechanisms, protein interactions, and pathway regulation. JPX may also serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target, and its structure, expression, and functions are summarized with mechanisms and applications discussed.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Reading Time25 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Structure of Human LncRNA JPX

Emerging role of long non-coding RNA JPX in malignant processes and potential applications in cancers Yuanyuan Wang1, Huihui Bai2,3, Meina Jiang2,3, Chengwei Zhou1,4, Zhaohui Gong1,2,3 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; 3Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Afﬁliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly function as important modulators of gene regulation and malignant processes in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA JPX is a novel molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation and differentially expressed JPX has exhibited certain clinical correlations in several cancers. Notably, JPX participates in cancer growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance, by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA, interacting with proteins, and regulating some speciﬁc signaling pathways. Moreover, JPX may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. The present article summarizes our current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of JPX in malignant cancer processes and discusses its molecular mechanisms and potential applications in cancer biology and medicine. Keywords: Biomarker; Cancer; JPX; Long non-coding RNA; Therapeutic target Introduction Cancer is a major disease that threatens human life and health, and presents rapidly growing morbidity and mortality burdens worldwide. [1] Although several approaches have been employed for cancer management, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy,[2,3] treatments have remained restricted, given that cancer formation is a complicated multi-factorial and multi-step processes. Therefore, there remains an urgent need for detailed studies examining molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development. Human genome sequencing has revealed that only 2% of the transcribed gene sequences eventually encode proteins, while the remaining 98% do not encode proteins. [4,5] In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lengths greater than 200 nt have received considerable attention. [6] LncRNAs were initially considered genomic transcriptional “noise,” a byproduct of RNA polymerase II transcription with no biological function. [7] However, on further exploration, lncRNAs have been found to perform critical functions in gene expression regulation and physiological/pathological processes. [8-15] | Access this article online | | | --- | --- | | Quick Response Code:
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[www.cmj.org](www.cmj.org) | | | DOI:
10.1097/CM9.0000000000002392 | In addition, the aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been closely associated with disease onset and progression, particularly in malignant tumors. For example, Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA,[16,17] metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1,[18] and prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 [19] were identiﬁed as oncogenes, while growth arrest speciﬁc transcript 5,[20] long intragenic non-coding RNA p53-induced transcript,[21] and maternally expressed gene 3 [22] were reported as tumor suppressors. Dysregulated lncRNAscan promote the biological behavior of malignant tumors through several mechanisms, for example, by serving as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, protein scaffolds, and transcript decoys. [23-25] Notably, lncRNAs can also work as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer treatment and diagnosis. [26,27] JPX, a lncRNA on chromosome X, is located ∼10-kb upstream of Xist and acts as a molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation. [28] Gene expression proﬁlin

FAQs

What is JPX and why is it important in cancers?

JPX is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involved in X chromosome inactivation. Differential expression of JPX is associated with clinical correlations in several cancers, and studies link it to key malignant behaviors.

How does JPX contribute to cancer progression?

JPX participates in cancer growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. It can act as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNAs, interact with proteins, and regulate specific signaling pathways.

What clinical applications are proposed for JPX?

JPX may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, supported by summarized evidence on its structure, expression, and function.

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Himbo