Egypt Public Expenditure Review for the Human Development Sectors - Social Protection, Education and Health

Jul 19, 2026

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Egypt Public Expenditure Review for the Human Development Sectors examines how spending in social protection, education, and health can improve human development outcomes while maintaining fiscal discipline. The review covers the macroeconomic and fiscal context, highlights constraints on public finances, and assesses whether current allocations are adequate and efficient for poverty reduction. It also addresses the design of pensions and sector-specific spending priorities to support reforms, strengthen public services, and preserve gains from economic reforms under collaboration with relevant Egyptian ministries and agencies.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages54

Reading Time2 h 16 min

The Objective: Improving Social Outcomes, whilst Preserving Commitment to Fiscal Discipline

The Wider Context: Constraining Macroeconomic Conditions and Overstretched Public Finances

Social Assistance: Accelerating Poverty Reduction through Adequate and Efficient Spending

Pensions: Designing an

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors ofThe World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all ofthis work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages the dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750- 8400, fax 978-750-44-70 [http://www.copyright.com](http://www.copyright.com) All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org) Photo Credits: Cover: Shades Acknowledgments The Egypt Public Expenditure Review for the Human Development Sectors was prepared by a team led by Hoda Youssef (Senior Economist and Task Team Leader) . Mark Ahern (Lead Country economist) has provided overall support and strategic guidance. The analysis of the macroeconomic and fiscal context was undertaken by Hoda Youssef, Fatma Elashmawy (Consultant) and Jala Youssef (Consultant) . The technical analysis of the Human Development sectors was undertaken by Juul Pinxten (Economist), Nahla Zeitoun (Senior Social Protection Specialist), Nistha Sinha (Senior Economist), Frederic Aubery (E.T. Consultant), Mohamed Yehia (Senior Financial Management Specialist), Hosam Diaa (Senior Financial Management Specialist), Fatma Elashmawy, Souraya El Assiouty (Social Protection Specialist), and Nazly Ismail (Consultant) for the Social Assistance chapter; Mohamed Audah (Economist), Amira Kazem (Senior Operations Officer), Farah Kaddah (Consultant) and Fadila Caillaud (Lead Economist) for the Education Chapter; Mahmoud Elsayed (Economist) for the Higher Education Chapter; Di Dong (Senior Economist), Amr Elshawarby (Operations Officer), Amr Elshalakani (Senior Health Specialist) and Iryna Postolovska (Senior Economist) for the Health chapter, Oleksiy Sluchynskyy (Senior Social Protection Specialists), Montserrat Pallares-Miralles (Senior Social Protection Specialists), and Souraya El Assiouty for the Pensions Chapter. Administrative support was provided by Enas Shaaban. The team acknowledges the in-depth knowledge and analysis provided by Heba El Leithy (Consultant) . The team is grateful for the valuable comments provided by the peer reviewers at the different stages of this work: Gustavo Demarco (Lead Economist), Cristian Alonso (Economist, IMF), Evgenij Najdov (Senior Economist), Ruslan G. Yemtsov (Program leader), Ashley Taylor (Economic Adviser), Loic Chiquier (Senior Adviser); Harun Onder (Senior Economist), Cristian Herrera (Senior Health Specialist), Pedro Cerdan-Infantes (Senior Economist) and Piers Merrick (Senior Operations Officer) . The team has also benefited from early contributions of Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta (Lead Economist), comments received from Sara Alnashar (Senior Economist), Yosra Bedair (Consultant), Laila Abdelkader, Alia Eldidi, Aun Rahman

FAQs

What is the main objective of the Egypt Public Expenditure Review?

The review aims to improve social outcomes while preserving commitment to fiscal discipline.

Which sectors are covered in the review?

The document focuses on social assistance (social protection), pensions, education, and health as part of the human development sectors.

How does the review address the broader macroeconomic and fiscal context?

It analyzes how constraining macroeconomic conditions and overextended public finances shape spending options and sector performance.

Jul 19, 2026

Upload by Ezra