Economic Review 2025 - Volume 1 - State Planning and Development Analysis

Sep 18, 2026

Economic Review 2025 by the Kerala State Planning Board summarizes Kerala’s economic performance and development progress, tracking national and state macroeconomic trends into 2024–25. It highlights real GSDP and per-capita growth, sectoral dynamics dominated by services, and constraints from an imbalanced federal fiscal structure. The review also outlines policy directions under the 14th Five-Year Plan, including infrastructure investment, employment support, scientific education, health improvements, and the Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP).

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages690

Reading Time28 h 59 min

AccessFree to download

Contents

Kerala At a Glance

Kerala’s Economic and Social Indicators – A Quick Look

Districts – An Overview

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Boxes

Chapter 1 Kerala Economy

Chapter 2 Eradication of Extreme Poverty in Kerala

Chapter 3 Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Chapter 4 Manufacturing Sector

Chapter 5 Service Sector

Chapter 6 Human Development

Chapter 7 Labour and Employment

Chapter 8 Initiatives for Social Inclusion

Chapter 9 Art, Culture and Sports

Chapter 10 Kerala Diaspora

Chapter 11 Infrastructure

Chapter 12 Local Governments and Decentralised Planning

Glossary

Abbreviations

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA ECONOMIC REVIEW 2025 State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India January 2026 Volume One Economic Review 2025 Kerala State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Design & Layout : C-DIT, [www.cdit.org](www.cdit.org) Foreword India’s real Gross Domestic Product recorded a decline in its annual growth rate, from 9.2 per cent in 2023–24 to 6.5 per cent in 2024–25. Kerala’s real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) also showed a marginal slowdown, with growth moderating to 6.19 per cent in 2024–25 (Q) from 6.73 per cent in 2023–24 (P) . Kerala’s real per capita GSDP increased by 5.67 per cent to Rs 1,90,149 in 2024–25, which is higher than the all-India real per capita GDP of Rs 1,33,501 . Kerala is the only State that has continued its commitment to the Plan process. This has enabled the State to sustain a development trajectory based on a pro-people economic strategy. However, the State’s capacity to finance productive investment remains constrained by a highly imbalanced federal fiscal structure. Despite the financial constraints imposed by the Union Government, the Government of Kerala has set new directions in economic development and achieved further advances in pro-people development and growth. The 14th Five-Year Plan continues to deepen and expand social provisioning in the State, while using achievements in human development as a basis for economic growth. Investment has increased in productive sectors, high-quality infrastructure, income-generating services such as tourism and information technology, small and medium enterprises, and local governments. The State has continued to invest in modern forms of employment and in social services for working people and those in need. Over the last nine years, the Government has strengthened public school infrastructure and worked to establish modern and scientifically grounded curricula at all levels. The promotion of scientific temper has been emphasised in both school and university education. During this period, Kerala has also seen sustained improvements in health and demographic indicators, remaining well ahead of the rest of India on these measures. On November 1, 2025, the Chief Minister of Kerala announced that the State had completed its campaign to end extreme poverty. This marked the culmination of many years of public action in the areas of human development and social policy. The theme chapter of this year’s Economic Review focuses on Kerala’s Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP) . VK Ramachandran Vice Chairperson January, 2026 Economic Review 2025 | iii Contents KERALA AT A GLANCE vii KERALA’S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS – A QUICK xiii LOOK DISTRICTS – AN OVERVIEW xvii LIST OF TABLES xix LIST OF FIGURES xxvii LIST OF BOXES xxxiii CHAPTER 1 KERALA ECONOMY 01 1.1 Recent Trends in Macro-Economic Aggregates 03 1.2 Demographic Profile 13 1.3 Indicators of Poverty 23 1.4 Role of Financial Institutions in Development Initiatives 27 1.5 State Finance 35 1.6 Annual Plan 2025-26 45 CHAPTER 2 ERADICATION OF EXTREME POVERTY IN KERALA 49 CHAPTER 3 AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS 65 3.1 Agriculture 67 3.2 Cooperatives in Kerala 91 3.3 Livestock 99 3.4 Fisheries Development 119 3.5 Water Resources 129 3.6 Forestry and Wild Life 139 3.7 Environment 151 3.8 Food Security and Public Distribution System 167 CHAPTER 4 MANUFACTURING SECTOR 177 4.1 Kerala’s Industrialisation 179 4.2 Manufacturing Sector 185 4.3 Public Sector Undertakings 189 4.4 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) 203 4.5 Food Processing 215 4.6 Traditional Industries 221 Economic Review 2025 | v CHAPTER 5 SERVICE SECTOR 249 5.1 Information Technology 251 5.2 Scientific Services and Research 265 5.3 Tourism 277 5.4 External Trade 287 5.5 Public Services 297 5.6 Outreach to Public 315 CHAPTER 6 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 319 6.1 Education 321 6.2 Medical a

FAQs

What does the foreword say about Kerala’s economic growth in 2024–25?

Kerala’s real GSDP showed a marginal slowdown, with growth moderating to 6.19% in 2024–25 from 6.73% in 2023–24. The real per-capita GSDP increased by 5.67% to Rs 1,90,149 in 2024–25.

Which programme is highlighted as the theme chapter of this year’s Economic Review?

The theme chapter focuses on Kerala’s Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP), marking the culmination of public action following the Chief Minister’s announcement on November 1, 2025.

How does the review describe the State’s development strategy and planning commitment?

Kerala is described as continuing its commitment to the Plan process, enabling a pro-people economic strategy. It also notes constraints on financing productive investment due to an imbalanced federal fiscal structure.

Sep 18, 2026

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