Dinamika Ilmu - Developing the School Safety Perception Scale - The Validity and Reliability of Study

Oct 15, 2026

Research develops a School Safety Perception Scale to determine how secondary school teachers perceive school safety. The study frames school safety as a core condition for effective educational activities and examines teachers’ roles among social actors in solving school security problems. Scale development follows exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures using a 40-item form. Reliability coefficients range from .769 to .893, with confirmatory results supporting validity. Internal consistency is assessed via Cronbach’s alpha, and implications address links with variables such as school climate, stress, burnout, and technology use.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages17

Reading Time43 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Keywords

A. Introduction

School safety sensitivity and education context

Importance of safe and healthy school environments

Definitions and scope of school safety

School safety as a core medium-environment issue

DINAMIKA ILMU Vol. 21 No. 1, 2021 P-ISSN: 1411-3031; E-ISSN: 2442-9651 doi: [http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.2787](http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.2787) Developing the School Safety Perception Scale: The Validity and Reliability of Study1 Mustafa Kemal ERÇEK MoNE, Teacher, Directorate of Public Education Center, Didim-Aydın, Turkey [e-mail: m.kemalercek@icloud.com](e-mail: m.kemalercek@icloud.com) Fırat KIYAS BİREL Dicle University Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty, Department of Educational Sciences, Turkey [e-mail: firat.birel@dicle.edu.tr](e-mail: firat.birel@dicle.edu.tr) Abstract The purpose of this research is to develop a scale to determine the perceptions of teachers working in secondary schools related to school safety. Alongside the social actors, the elements involved in achieving the goals of educational activities are important actors in the solution and implementation of the school security problems. Therefore, the actors performed in this way and were want teachers'perception of safety education activities in schools is critical. The research includes a scale development study. Certain steps in the scale of development for secondary teacher’s perceptions of school safety were monitored. Reliability and Validity Scale with work related to the development of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed. Exploratory factor analysis of the obtained 40-item scale 54.233 discloses % of the total variance. Analyzes showed that reliability coefficients of scale factors ranged from .769 to .893. These values are enough to pass to the confirmatory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that SSS is a valid tool to measure teachers’ perceptions about school safety. Structures of this study, data collected through school safety scale set Cronbach's alpha was calculated in order to determine the internal consistency. Application in terms of behavior and School Safety "Although low compared to other dimensions of size 1 This scale is produced from the PhD thesis “The Effect of Teachers in Secondary Schools on School Security Perceptions on Organizational Trust and Professional Commitment” Dinamika Ilmu, Volume 21(1), 2021 37 M.K. Ercek, F. K. Birel with .61, scale and reliability coefficients ranged between .80 and .93 for the dimensions have been determined to be highly reliable. İmplications for Research and Practice: With the help of the developed scale, relations between school safety perceptions and personal variables, organizational stress, school climate, use of security technologies, occupational burnout and organizational commitment can be examined. Effects of student perceptions of school safety on their academic success can be researched. Similar scales can be developed for parents, administrators, preschool, elementary school teachers, lecturers, and university students. Keywords: perceptions, scale development, school safety, secondary teachers A. Introduction Societies on school safety sensitivity have been increasing in recent years (Welsh, 2000) . School safety problem not only our country, but all developed countries one of the important education problems in recent years has become (Gorman and Pauken, 2003;Daniels, 2002; Sprague, Walker, Golly, White, Myers and Shannon, 2001; Pişkin, 2002; Zinc and Kepenekçi, 2003; Welsh, 2001, Akt: Light, 2004; Welsh, 2000; O’reilly and Verdugo, 1999;Dönmez, 2001; Gottfredson, Gottfredson and Hybl, 1993; Argon and Anderson, 2000;Verdugo, 1999; Benekos, Merlo and Cook,2002) . Schools are more and more insecure becoming environments or people like this perceives. Yet, an unsafe talking about healthy education in an environment cannot be. The requirements for various knowledge, habits, and expertise that the individual needs to acquire a proper role in society can be associated with the functions of school. Thus, school has a great importance in the life of individuals and society. In today's condition

FAQs

What is the goal of this study on school safety?

To develop a scale that determines secondary school teachers’ perceptions of school safety and to test its validity and reliability.

How is the scale’s psychometric quality evaluated?

The study applies exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to a 40-item scale, reporting reliability coefficients within an acceptable range and validity evidence from the confirmatory results.

Which variables does the research suggest can be examined using the developed scale?

Relationships between teachers’ school safety perceptions and personal variables, organizational stress, school climate, security technology use, occupational burnout, and organizational commitment can be explored, and student perceptions may be linked to academic success.

Oct 15, 2026

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