Dietary Supplementation Impact of Combined Broccoli and Citrus Peel By-Products on the Growth Performance of Japanese Abalone (Haliotis discus) - Stress Resistance to Various Stressors

Q: How were abalone diets supplemented with CBC in the experiment?

Six formulated feeds were prepared with CBC at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%, labeled as Con, CBC0.5, CBC1, CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5, and compared with dry Saccharina japonica.

Q: What stressors were applied after the 16-week feeding period?

After 16 weeks, abalone were exposed to 20h air exposure, 20h high temperature exposure at 30°C, and 12h low salinity exposure at 25 psu, then survival was checked for 5 days.

Q: Which CBC inclusion levels improved survival under air and high-temperature stress?

After 20h air exposure or high temperature at 30°C, survival rates were higher in the CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5 groups than in the S. japonica group, and survival increased linearly with CBC inclusion from 0–5%.

Sep 28, 2026

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Dietary incorporation of a combined broccoli by-product and citrus peel by-product (CBC) was evaluated as a functional additive to improve growth and stress resistance in juvenile Japanese abalone. A 16-week feeding trial used six CBC levels (0–5%) in formulated diets, and a comparison diet based on dry Saccharina japonica. Growth and morphometrics were enhanced with formulated feeds, while stress tests assessed air exposure, high temperature (30°C), and low salinity (25 psu). Survival improved with CBC inclusion, with at least 2% recommended for air and high-temperature resistance.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages12

Reading Time30 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Feeding trial and diet formulation

Stress exposure and survival assessment

Results

Growth performance

Morphometrics and soft body weight

Survival under stressors

Discussion

Conclusions

Wiley Aquaculture Nutrition Volume 2026, Article ID 7880258, 12 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7880258](https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7880258) Research Article Dietary Supplementation Impact of Combined Broccoli and Citrus Peel By-Products on the Growth Performance of Japanese Abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846) and Stress Resistance to Various Stressors Ran Li 1 and Sung Hwoan Cho 2 1College of Xingzhi, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China 2Division of Convergence of Marine Science, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Sung Hwoan Cho; [chosunh@kmou.ac.kr](chosunh@kmou.ac.kr) Received 5 May 2025; Revised 2 October 2025; Accepted 16 October 2025 Academic Editor: Noah Esmaeili Copyright © 2026 Ran Li and Sung Hwoan Cho. Aquaculture Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary incorporation of a combination of broccoli by-product and citrus peel by-product (CBC) as a functional additive on the growth and resistance of the Japanese abalone (Haliotis discus) under various stressor conditions. A total of 2520 abalone juveniles (initial weight of 3.33g) were assigned to 21 net cages, with 120 individuals per cage and three cages per feed. Six formulated feeds, supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% CBC, were prepared and labeled as the control (Con), CBC0.5, CBC1, CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5 feeds, respectively. Additionally, dry Saccharina japonica was prepared to compare the performance of abalone fed with the formulated feeds. All abalone were fed once daily for 16 weeks. Following the 16-week feeding experiment, 60 abalone from each cage were randomly chosen and evenly divided into 3 groups. These groups were then exposed to stressors: 20h air exposure, 20h high temperature exposure (30°C), and 12h low salinity exposure (25 psu) . The survival of abalone was checked for 5 days following these stress tests. The speciﬁc growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed all artiﬁcial feeds was statistically (p< 0:05) greater than that of abalone fed the S. japonica, but no statistical differences were observed among abalone fed the different formulated feeds. The shell length, width, and height, and soft body weight of abalone fed with all artiﬁcial feeds were statistically superior (p< 0:05 for all) compared to those fed with S. japonica. After the 5-day observation period following 20h air exposure or high temperature exposure at 30°C, the survival rates of abalone fed with CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5 feeds were statistically (p< 0:05) greater than those fed with S. japonica. Increasing the CBC inclusion level (0–5%) in feeds linearly enhanced the abalone survival under 20h air and high temperature exposures. Therefore, CBC exhibited great potential as a stress reducer in abalone feed, and the inclusion of at least 2% CBC in formulated feeds is recommended to enhance abalone’s resistance to air and high-temperature stressors. Keywords: biocompounds; combination of broccoli and citrus peel by-product (CBP); functional additive; Haliotis discus; immune response; stress reducer 1. Introduction Abalone (Haliotis spp.) is a widely distributed gastropod that lives in both tropical and temperate waters around the world [1, 2]. The global demand for abalone is continuously increasing in the market due to its high nutrients, desirable taste, and considerable medicinal values [3–5] . However, the ﬁshery production of abalone has declined because of the dramatic environmental changes and degradation of marine ﬁshery resources [1]. The global production from legal abalone ﬁsheries has reduced from around 20,000 metric tons (MT) in the 1970s to barely about 4500 MT in 2020,

FAQs

How were abalone diets supplemented with CBC in the experiment?

Six formulated feeds were prepared with CBC at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%, labeled as Con, CBC0.5, CBC1, CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5, and compared with dry Saccharina japonica.

What stressors were applied after the 16-week feeding period?

After 16 weeks, abalone were exposed to 20h air exposure, 20h high temperature exposure at 30°C, and 12h low salinity exposure at 25 psu, then survival was checked for 5 days.

Which CBC inclusion levels improved survival under air and high-temperature stress?

After 20h air exposure or high temperature at 30°C, survival rates were higher in the CBC2, CBC3, and CBC5 groups than in the S. japonica group, and survival increased linearly with CBC inclusion from 0–5%.

Sep 28, 2026

Uploaded by Guten tag