体育迷信态度量表的开发与验证：探究迷信对运动员行为的影响

Aug 21, 2026

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Superstition exists across cultures and is particularly prevalent in sports. This study developed and validated the Sports Superstition Attitude Scale (SSAS) and evaluated how superstition relates to athletes’ behavior. Study 1 created an initial item pool and tested content validity and reliability. Study 2 assessed the factorial structure and construct validity, while Study 3 examined predicted links among athletic identity, locus of control, superstition, and fear of failure. The 15-item, three-factor SSAS showed acceptable reliability and validity.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages10

Reading Time25 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Superstition in sports and psychological correlates

Existing superstition measures

Chuang, W.C. et al.: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPORTS SUPERSTITION... Kinesiology 56(2024)1:135-144 | DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPORTS SUPERSTITION ATTITUDE SCALE: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCES OF SUPERSTITION ON ATHLETES’ BEHAVIOR
Wen-Chuan Chuang1, Frank J. H. Lu2, Bin-Bin Fang3, Bin-Chen4, Zhiyang Zhang5, and Diane L. Gill6
1Physical Education and Health Center,
National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Taiwan 2Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taiwan 3School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, China 4Department of Public Physical Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China 5School of Physical Education, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, China 6Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
Original scientific paper DOI 10.26582/k.56.1.8 | | --- | | Abstract:
Superstition exists in every culture, and particularly in sports. This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid Sports Superstition Attitude Scale (SSAS) and test the influences of superstition on athletes’behavior. Study \#1 developed an initial SSAS draft and examined content validity and reliability. Study \#2 examined SSAS factorial structure and construct validity. Study \#3 tested hypothesized relationships among athletic identity, locus of control, superstition, and fear of failure. Results found by SSAS comprised three components: ritual and taboo, lucky charms, and folk culture, and showed appropriate construct validity and reliability. Theoretical model examination found that athletic identity and external control interact with superstition to predict fear of failure. We concluded that the 15-item three-factor SSAS is a reliable and valid sport-specific superstition measure that can be used in future studies. We suggest future studies examine how psychosocial factors influence athletes’ behavior and superstition. Limitations and suggestions for future study are also discussed.
Keywords: supernatural beliefs, misattribution, athletic identity, lucky charms, uncertainty hypothesis | Introduction Superstition is an irrational belief or behavior, even though no scientific evidence supports a link between superstitious behavior and subsequent outcomes (Jahoda, 1969; Tobacyk, 2004; Womack, 1992). In every Western or Eastern culture, superstition is easily seen or heard daily. For example, in Western culture, Friday the 13th is believed to bring bad luck. Similarly, whistling at night in Eastern culture is considered to call evil spirits out. Jahoda (1969) contends that misattributing a particular event linked to a specific outcome builds a superstitious belief or behavior. Further, no matter what is experienced or heard, when superstitious behavior coincidently comes true, it deepens superstitious belief and behavior. To gain control over daily life’s uncertainty, some people tend to engage in superstitious behavior to bring good outcomes and avoid bad fortune. In sports, superstition prevails. For example, to prepare for the Wimbledon tournaments Bjorn Borg, a former World \#1 tennis player, always grew a beard and wore the same shirt (Burden, 2014). Similarly, Michael Jordon, the five-time MVP of the NBA, always wore his University of North Carolina shorts under his uniform in every game (Murphy, 2018). Baseball is filled with superstitious beliefs and behavior. For example, the MLB New York Mets player Turk Wendell always chews four pieces of black licorice in a game and spits them out when the inning is over. Similarly, another MLB player, Derek Zoolander, always turns left in the game, even if he has to make a complete circle. He touched anyone who touched him, and when the opponent player tagged him out, he would hustle across the field to touch the player who had tagged him at the end of the inning (Thacker, 2015). Empirical studies found that athletes’ superstition behavior relates to several psychological and environ

FAQs

这项研究的主要目的是什么？

开发并验证运动领域“体育迷信态度量表”(SSAS)，并检验迷信对运动员行为的影响。

SSAS包含哪三个维度？

结果将SSAS划分为三部分：仪式与禁忌、幸运护身符、民俗文化。

迷信与哪些心理因素有关？

理论模型检验显示，运动认同与外部控制会与迷信相互作用，从而预测对失败的恐惧。

Aug 21, 2026

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