Developing a peer-based pocket book for anemia prevention in adolescent

Q: What problem does the study address?

The study addresses adolescent female anemia as an ongoing public health challenge that affects health and learning capacity.

Q: What intervention does the research develop and test?

It develops and evaluates a peer education–based Smart Pocket Book as a school-based intervention for anemia prevention.

Q: How was effectiveness measured?

Effectiveness was tested using a pretest–posttest control group design with 58 participants, analyzing changes in knowledge, attitudes, preventive behaviors, and hemoglobin levels.

Oct 15, 2026

Upload by Liam

Adolescent female anemia remains a major health obstacle that undermines students’ health status and learning capacity, requiring innovative school education media. This research develops and evaluates a peer education–based Smart Pocket Book as a school intervention using an R&D approach with the ADDIE model. Student participants shared and discussed the materials; experts judged content validity, adolescents assessed practicality, and a pretest–posttest control design with 58 students tested effectiveness. Results show significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, preventive behaviors (p < 0.05), and increased hemoglobin levels, confirming peer-supported use as an effective strategy.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages9

Reading Time23 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Background and objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

*For correspondence: [yahmiirasetyaningrum@gmail.com](yahmiirasetyaningrum@gmail.com) [Article history:](Article history:) Received: 24 November 2025 Revised: 7 March 2026 Accepted: 13 March 2026 Published: 17 March 2026 10.22219/jpbi.v12i1 .42979 © Copyright Setyaningrum et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License p-ISSN: 2442-3750 e-ISSN: 2537-6204 How to cite: Setyaningrum, Y. I. , Wulandari, T. S. H. & Listiana, L. (2026) . Developing a peer pocket book for anemia prevention in adolescent. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 12(1), 98-106. [https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v12i1](https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v12i1)[ ](https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v12i1)[.42979](.42979) RESEARCH ARTICLE Developing a peer-based pocket book for anemia prevention in adolescent Yahmi Ira Setyaningrum a, 1,*, Tabitha Sri Hartati Wulandari b,2, Lina Listiana c,2 a Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institut Teknologi Kesehatan Malang Widya Cipta Husada, Jl. Jendral Sudirman No. 82, Kepanjen, Malang, East Java 65163, Indonesia. b Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRIRonggolawe Tuban, Jl. Manunggal No. 61, Tuban, East Java 62381, Indonesia. c Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Jl. Sutorejo No. 59, Surabaya, East Java 60113, Indonesia. [1](1 yahmiirasetyaningrum@gmail.com)[ yahmiirasetyaningrum@gmail.com](1 yahmiirasetyaningrum@gmail.com)*; [2](2 tabithawulandari7@gmail.com)[ tabithawulandari7@gmail.com](2 tabithawulandari7@gmail.com);3 linalistiana@um[surabaya.ac.id](surabaya.ac.id) Abstract: Background: Adolescent female anemia remains a significant health problem affecting students’ health and learning capacity, highlighting the need for innovative educational media. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a peer education–based Smart Pocket Book as a school-based intervention for anemia prevention. Methods: Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, trained students shared and discussed pocket book content with their peers. Content validity was assessed by material and media experts, and practicality was evaluated by adolescent participants. Effectiveness was tested using a pretest–posttest control group design with 58 participants. Sample size was determined using G*Power (power = 0.80, effect size = 0.5) for group comparisons, which is generally sufficient for a school-level intervention comparing two groups using TTest or Wilcoxon analysis. Results: The Smart Pocket Book was feasible, engaging, and easy to understand, leading to significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and anemia preventive behaviors (p < 0.05) and contributing to increased hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Peer-supported use of the Smart Pocket Book is an effective school health education strategy to prevent anemia among adolescent girls. Keywords: adolescent girls; anemia prevention; peer education; pocket book Introduction Anemia persists as a serious public health challenge for adolescent girls across the world. Approximately 30% of girls aged 15–19 years are anemic, and more than half of these cases are attributed to iron deficiency (IHME, 2023; Stevens et al. , 2022) . In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls reached 32%(Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018) and showed only a slight decline to 30. 1% in the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2023) . A similar pattern was observed in East Java Province, where prevalence decreased from 31.6% to 30. 1% . Data from the Kepanjen Health Center in 2025 even indicated that 53–64% of girls aged 12– 15 years were still anemic. The data emphasize anemia’s capacity to obstruct the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals, part

FAQs

What problem does the study address?

The study addresses adolescent female anemia as an ongoing public health challenge that affects health and learning capacity.

What intervention does the research develop and test?

It develops and evaluates a peer education–based Smart Pocket Book as a school-based intervention for anemia prevention.

How was effectiveness measured?

Effectiveness was tested using a pretest–posttest control group design with 58 participants, analyzing changes in knowledge, attitudes, preventive behaviors, and hemoglobin levels.

Oct 15, 2026

Upload by Liam