Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated with having a Medicaid Waiver at Transfer to Adult Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities - Article 7

Oct 15, 2026

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Cross-sectional research examines factors associated with having a Medicaid waiver at transfer to adult care among individuals with developmental disabilities. The work frames intellectual and developmental disabilities as lifelong conditions with cognitive, physical, learning, language, and behavioral impairments that affect daily functioning and support needs. It connects social determinants of health to health disparities, describing how poverty, community safety, and access to physical and emotional/behavioral services shape outcomes. The study situates Medicaid HCBS waiver services under Section 1915(c) and outlines the role of waiver supports in covering gaps in day programs, therapies, equipment, dental, and home healthcare.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages21

Reading Time53 min

AccessFree to download

INTRODUCTION

Social determinants of health and disparities

Support needs for intellectual and/or developmental disabilities

Medicaid HCBS waiver option under Section 1915(c)

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk | Volume 14
Issue 2 Social Determinants of Health | Article 7 | | --- | --- | | 2023
Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated with having a Waiver at Transfer to Adult Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
Ellen Fremion
Baylor College of Medicine, [ellen.fremion@bcm.edu](ellen.fremion@bcm.edu)
Ananth Panchamukhi
Baylor College of Medicine, [ananth.panchamukhi@bcm.edu](ananth.panchamukhi@bcm.edu)
Kristen A. Staggers
Baylor College of Medicine, [kandrews@bcm.edu](kandrews@bcm.edu)
Taylor Mann
Baylor College of Medicine, [taylor.mann@bcm.edu](taylor.mann@bcm.edu)
Ambrielle Davis
yllo hoileagnedoafdidioinlew, mrkrail:lt. :i/icitlc.eod[mons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk](mons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk) | Medicaid | eecxpeaefrCaition al authors E Fremion, A Panchamukhi, KA Staggers, et al. (2023) "Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated with having a Medicaid Waiver at Transfer to Adult Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities," Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 14: Iss. 2, Article 7. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.58464/2155-5834.1535](https://doi.org/10.58464/2155-5834.1535) Available at: [https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/7](https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/7) The Journal of Applied Research on Children is brought to you for free and open access by CHILDREN AT RISK at DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. It has a "cc by-nc-nd" Creative Commons license" (Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives) For more information, please [contact](contact digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu)[ digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu](contact digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu) Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated with having a Medicaid Waiver at Transfer to Adult Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Authors Ellen Fremion, Ananth Panchamukhi, Kristen A. Staggers, Taylor Mann, Ambrielle Davis, Tiffany Castenell, and Samuel Garcia This article is available in Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: [https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/7](https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/7) Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated with having a Medicaid Waiver at Transfer to Adult Care for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities INTRODUCTION Intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) encompass a range of conditions associated with impairment in cognitive, physical, learning, language, or behavior abilities that begin in the developmental period (before age 22) , impact daily functioning, and are usually lifelong. 1,2 IDD diagnoses include autism, genetic conditions (e.g. , Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, or Fragile X syndrome) , and congenital conditions (e.g. , cerebral palsy and spina bifida) . Individuals with IDD have a spectrum of daily support needs including assistance with activities of daily living (e.g. , hygiene, meals, dressing, recreational activities, and chores) , medical technology dependence (e.g. , feeding tube , chronic tracheostomy and/or ventilator, baclofen pumps, wheelchairs , etc. ), adaptive equipment (e.g. communication devices and home equipment) , behavioral therapies (e.g. applied behavior analysis, social skills therapy, and behavior plans) , and home care services (e.g. , nursing, provider services, and respite) .3 The National Health Interview Survey from 2015 to 2017 reported that the prevalence of developmental disabilities among children in the United States had increased from 16.2 to 17.8% with particular increases among boys, older children, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children, those living in urban areas, and those with less-educated mothers.4 As Marmot and Gordon highlight, the complex interplay of

FAQs

What condition group does the article focus on?

The article focuses on intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD), described as lifelong conditions beginning in the developmental period and affecting cognition, physical functioning, learning, language, or behavior.

How does the article explain the role of social determinants of health?

It explains that the complex interplay of social determinants of health contributes to health disparities for children, especially those with IDD, influencing factors such as poverty, community safety, and access to care.

What is the Medicaid HCBS waiver option discussed in the paper?

The article describes Medicaid HCBS waiver services created under Section 1915(c) to fund long-term support in home or community settings, helping cover costs for day programs, therapies, equipment, dental services, and home healthcare not otherwise covered.

Oct 15, 2026

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