Construction Practice, Planning & Management - Chapter 3 - Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Oct 5, 2026

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Construction Practice, Planning & Management explains project management fundamentals through network-based scheduling methods, focusing on Chapter 3 covering PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique). It introduces the event-oriented nature of PERT, the role of uncertainty in project completion time, and the proportionality assumption between cost and time. The chapter details how to define optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely time estimates and interprets the meaning of the most likely time based on experience and repeated activity under similar conditions.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

3.1 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Key concepts of PERT

3.2 Mean Time, Standard Deviation and Variance of an Activity

Mean time (expected/average time)

Civil Engineering Construction Practice,Planning &Management Comprehensive Theorywith Solved Examples and Practice Questions MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office:44-A/4,Kalu Sarai(Near Hauz Khas Metro Station),New Delhi-110016 E-mail:infomep@madeeasy.in Contact:011-45124660,8860378007 Visit us at:www.madeeasypublications.org Construction Practice,Planning &Management ◎ Copyright,by MADE EASY Publications. All rights are reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in or introducedinto a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form or by any means(electronic,mechanical,photo-copying,recording or otherwise),without the prior written permission of the abovementioned publisher of this book. Edition:2020 ◎ All rights reserved by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS.No part of this book may bereproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission from the publisher. 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 Key Phases of Project Management……………………1 1.3 Basics of Construction Management……………………2 Chapter 2 Elements of a Network…………………………………………………5 2.2 Elements of a Network…………………………………………………5 2.3 Rules of a Network…………………………………………………………8 Objective Brain Teasers………………………………………………10 Chapter 3 PERT ……………………………………………………………………………12 3.1 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)……………………………………12 3.2 Mean Time, Standard Deviation and Variance of an Activity……………………………………………12 3.3 Central Limit Theorem………………………………………………………13 Objective Brain Teasers ………………………………………21 Chapter 4 CPM ………………………………………………………………23 4.1 Critical Path Method (CPM)……………………………………23 4.2 Comparison between PERT and CPM………………23 4.3 CPM Systems……………………………………………………………………26 Chapter 5 Time-Cost Models…………………………………………………………31 5.1 Cost Model Analysis…………………………………………………31 5.2 Project Cost………………………………………………………………………31 5.3 Components of Project Cost………………………………32 Objective Brain Teasers …………………………………………40 Construction Practice,Planning & Management Chapter 1 Chapter 6 Basics of Construction Management………………1 Miscellaneous Topics(Charts, Resource Allocation, Updating,AON)……………41 6.1 Chart as a tool of Project Managemen………………41 6.2 Resource Allocation………………………………………………………43 6.3 Updating…………………………………………………………………4 Objective Brain Teasers …………………………………………45 Chapter7 Construction Equipment…………………………………46 7.1 Rolling Resistance……………………………………………………46 7.2 Grade Resistance………………………………………………………………46 7.3 Earthwork Equipments……………………………………………49 7.4 Compaction Equipments……………………………………………68 7.5 Drilling Equipments……………………………………………………71 7.6 Blasting of Rock……………………………………………………………74 7.7 Concreting Equipment ………………………………………76 7.8 Hoisting Equipments…………………………………………………79 Objective Brain Teasers …………………………………………82 Chapter 8 Site Investigation and Management………………84 8.1 Site Characterization…………………………………………………………84 8.2 Preliminary Desk Study…………………………………………84 8.3 Walk-over survey……………………………………………………85 8.4 Reconnaissance of Site Work………………………………………85 8.5 Preliminary Sub-surface Explorations…………………86 8.6 Sampling…………………………………………………………………86 8.7 Classification of Civil Engineering Projects………86 8.8 The Life Cycle of a Civil Engineering Projec ……87 iii) Chapter 9 Cost Estimation, Rate Analysis and Specifications…………………………………………………………91 A.Cost Estimation 9.1 Estimation………………………………………………………………91 9.2 Valuation……………………………………………………………………96 B.Rate Analysis and Specifications 9.3 Purposes of Rate Analysis…………………………………101 9.4 Requirement for Rate Analysis………………………101 9.5 Measurement of Materials and Works…………103 9.6 Detailed and Abstract Estimates of Buildings.111 Objective Brain Teasers ……………………………………117 Chapter 10 Productivity and Operation………………………120 10.1 Project Work-breakdown Levels……………………………………120 10.2 Assessing Activity Duration…………………………………………121 10.3 Activity Costs and Earned Value …………………………………123 10.4

FAQs

What does PERT stand for and what is its purpose in project scheduling?

PERT stands for Programme Evaluation and Review Technique. It incorporates uncertainty into project completion time for activities where time cannot be estimated accurately.

What are the three time estimates used in PERT?

PERT uses optimistic time (t0), pessimistic time (tp), and most likely time (tm) for completing an activity.

How is the most likely time (tm) determined in PERT?

The most likely time (tm) is based on experience and judgement from repeated activity under essentially the same conditions, reflecting typical execution.

Oct 5, 2026

Uploaded by Mia