Consensus on the tertiary prevention of primary liver cancer

Sep 24, 2026

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To effectively prevent recurrence, improve prognosis, and increase survival for primary liver cancer (PLC) patients after radical cure, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association convened clinical experts and methodologists. The consensus draws on clinical and scientific advances covering risk factors, histopathology, imaging findings, clinical manifestations, and recurrence-prevention strategies. It provides a current framework for prevention, surveillance, early detection, diagnosis, and effective management measures to reduce PLC recurrence.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

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Introduction

Hepatology International (2023) 17:1057–1071 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-023-10549-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-023-10549-2) Consensus on the tertiary prevention of primary liver cancer Yuemin Nan1 · Xiaoyuan Xu2 · Shiming Dong1 · Ming Yang3 · Ling Li4 · Suxian Zhao1 · Zhongping Duan5 · Jidong Jia6 · Lai Wei7 · Hui Zhuang8 · Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association Received: 11 February 2023 / Accepted: 4 May 2023 / Published online: 27 June 2023 © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract To effectively prevent recurrence, improve the prognosis and increase the survival rate of primary liver cancer (PLC) patients with radical cure, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, invited clinical experts and methodologists to develop the Consensus on the Tertiary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer, which was based on the clinical and scientific advances on the risk factors, histopathology, imaging finding, clinical manifestation, and prevention of recurrence of PLC. The purpose is to provide a current basis for the prevention, surveillance, early detection and diagnosis, and the effective measures of PLC recurrence. Keywords Hepatocellular carcinoma · Tertiary prevention · Curative treatment · Recurrence · Metastasis · Risk stratification · Surveillance · Detection · Diagnosis · Survival Abbreviations HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma ICC Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma BCLC Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging CNLC China liver cancer staging Members of “Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association” are listed in the Acknowledgements section. * Yuemin Nan[nanyuemin@hebmu.edu.cn](nanyuemin@hebmu.edu.cn) * Xiaoyuan Xu [xiaoyuanxu@bjmu.edu.cn](xiaoyuanxu@bjmu.edu.cn) Shiming Dong [dongding00@126.com](dongding00@126.com)[ ](dongding00@126.com)Ming Yang[ymicecream@163.com](ymicecream@163.com)[ ](ymicecream@163.com)Ling Li [drliling@fjmu.edu.cn](drliling@fjmu.edu.cn)[ ](drliling@fjmu.edu.cn)Suxian Zhao [sxzhao76@163.com](sxzhao76@163.com) Zhongping Duan [duan2517@163.com](duan2517@163.com) Jidong Jia [jiamd@263.net](jiamd@263.net) Lai Wei [weilai@pkuph.edu.cn](weilai@pkuph.edu.cn)[ ](weilai@pkuph.edu.cn)Hui Zhuang [zhuangbmu@126.com](zhuangbmu@126.com) IHR Intrahepatic recurrence MVI Microvascular invasion IM Intrahepatic metastasis MO Multicentric occurrence EHM Extrahepatic metastasis RFS Recurrence-free survival TTR Time to recurrence 1 Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China 3 Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China 4 Department of Intervention, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China 5 Artificial Liver Centre, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China 6 Liver Research Centre, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China 7 Hepatopancreatobiliary Centre, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China 8 Department of Microbiology and Centre for Infectious Diseases, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China AFP DCP PIVKA II AFP-L3 CTC ctDNA CEUS Gd-EOB-DTPA CT MRI PET LSM NAs DAA SVR NAFLD T2DM ALD HBV HCV PEG-IFNα MWA RFA SBRT TACE HAIC ICIs MELD ALBI TCM Alpha-fetoprotein Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP Circulating tumor cell Circulating tumor DNA Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetri amine pentaacetic acid Computed tomography imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography Liver stiffness measurement

FAQs

What is the goal of this consensus on tertiary prevention for primary liver cancer?

It aims to prevent recurrence, improve prognosis, and increase survival in PLC patients after curative treatment, providing guidance for prevention, surveillance, early detection, and diagnosis.

What evidence areas does the consensus draw upon?

It is based on advances related to risk factors, histopathology, imaging findings, clinical manifestations, and strategies for preventing recurrence.

How does the consensus define “primary liver cancer” in this document?

In this consensus, “primary liver cancer” mainly refers to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even though primary liver cancer includes several pathological types.

Sep 24, 2026

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