Congenital factor XIII deficiency caused by F13A1 gene mutations presenting with intracranial hemorrhage

Sep 28, 2026

Congenital factor XIII deficiency caused by F13A1 gene mutations with intracranial hemorrhage is discussed in a clinical research context. The text includes publication metadata such as DOI 10.3389/f...2025.1732065, issue and publication dates, and licensing statements. Study content focuses on the hematologic and neurological implications of factor XIII deficiency, describing patient presentation and associated laboratory findings, while emphasizing diagnosis and the relevance of genetic variants to disease manifestation.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages6

Reading Time15 min

AccessFree to download

Background

Case presentation and findings

Intracranial hemorrhage features

Genetics and diagnostic implications

Publication details

TYPE 􀀁􀀂􀀄􀀆 􀀑􀀆􀀕􀀔􀀃􀀅 PUBL􀀏S ED 19 􀀖􀀆􀀚􀀆􀀌b􀀆􀀃 2025 DO􀀏 10.3389/f􀀕􀀆􀀙 .2025.1732065 􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀁􀀂 􀀆􀀇 􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 􀀉􀀆􀀊􀀋􀀌􀀂􀀇􀀇􀀍 􀀎􀀏􀀋􀀊􀀂􀀇􀀆 􀀐􀀂􀀃􀀊􀀆 􀀁􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀆􀀍 􀀑􀀊􀀒􀀄􀀓􀀔􀀄􀀕􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋􀀆􀀅􀀍 􀀖􀀆􀀇􀀌􀀂􀀃􀀗 􀀈􀀁􀀉􀀃􀀁􀀊􀀁􀀂 􀀆􀀇 􀀘􀀇􀀏􀀕􀀂􀀌 􀀖􀀏􀀅􀀅􀀂􀀍 􀀘􀀄􀀄􀀂􀀌 􀀐􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀋 􀀁􀀔􀀋􀀋􀀆􀀒􀀆􀀍 􀀛􀀇􀀙􀀊􀀂􀀜􀀝􀀞 􀀔􀀔􀀌b􀀂􀀋􀀍 B􀀂y􀀄􀀅􀀂􀀅􀀆 􀀐􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀋 􀀁􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀍 S􀀕􀀃􀀊􀀇􀀒ﬁ􀀆􀀋􀀙􀀍􀀞􀀇􀀊􀀅􀀆􀀙 S􀀅􀀂􀀅􀀆􀀄 *􀀋􀀌􀀈􀀈􀀁􀀍􀀎􀀌􀀏􀀂􀀁􀀏􀀋􀀁 􀀎􀀊􀀂􀀇􀀚􀀓􀀂􀀇􀀒 L􀀊 2911476480@qq.􀀚􀀔􀀌 †T􀀓􀀆􀀄􀀆 􀀂􀀏􀀅􀀓􀀔􀀃􀀄 􀀄􀀓􀀂􀀃􀀆 ﬁ􀀃􀀄􀀅 􀀂􀀏􀀅􀀓􀀔􀀃􀀄􀀓􀀊􀀕 􀀈􀀁􀀋􀀁􀀃􀀉􀀁􀀂 25 O􀀚􀀅􀀔b􀀆􀀃 2025 􀀈􀀁􀀉􀀃􀀍􀀁􀀂 24 􀀝􀀔v􀀆􀀌b􀀆􀀃 2025 􀀐􀀋􀀋􀀁􀀎􀀄􀀁􀀂 04 􀀖􀀆􀀚􀀆􀀌b􀀆􀀃 2025 􀀎􀀑􀀆􀀒􀀃􀀍􀀓􀀁􀀂 19 􀀖􀀆􀀚􀀆􀀌b􀀆􀀃 2025 􀀋􀀌􀀈􀀈􀀁􀀋􀀄􀀁􀀂 07 􀀎􀀂􀀇􀀏􀀂􀀃y 2026 􀀋􀀃􀀄􀀐􀀄􀀃􀀌􀀏 W􀀂􀀇􀀒 􀀉􀀍 Y􀀂􀀇􀀒 􀀑 􀀂􀀇􀀙 L􀀊 􀀎 (2025) 􀀁􀀔􀀇􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋 f􀀂􀀚􀀅􀀔􀀃 X􀀛􀀛􀀛 􀀙􀀆ﬁ􀀚􀀊􀀆􀀇􀀚y 􀀚􀀂􀀏􀀄􀀆􀀙 by 􀀜13􀀘1 􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀆􀀌􀀏􀀅􀀂􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀄 􀀕􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒 w􀀊􀀅􀀓 􀀊􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀚􀀃􀀂􀀇􀀊􀀂􀀋􀀓􀀆􀀌􀀔􀀃􀀃􀀓􀀂􀀒􀀆: 􀀂 􀀚􀀂􀀄􀀆 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀔􀀃􀀅 . 􀀜􀀃􀀔􀀇􀀅 . 􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀂􀀅􀀃 . 13:1732065 . 􀀙􀀔􀀊: 10.3389/f􀀕􀀆􀀙 .2025.1732065 􀀋􀀌􀀎􀀇􀀈􀀃􀀔􀀓􀀄 © 2025 W􀀂􀀇􀀒􀀍 Y􀀂􀀇􀀒 􀀂􀀇􀀙 L􀀊 . T􀀓􀀊􀀄 􀀊􀀄 􀀂􀀇 􀀔􀀕􀀆􀀇 -􀀂􀀚􀀚􀀆􀀄􀀄 􀀂􀀃􀀅􀀊􀀚􀀋􀀆 􀀙􀀊􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀊b􀀏􀀅􀀆􀀙 􀀏􀀇􀀙􀀆􀀃 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀌􀀄 􀀔f 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀁􀀃􀀆􀀂􀀅􀀊v􀀆 􀀁􀀔􀀌􀀌􀀔􀀇􀀄 􀀘􀀅􀀅􀀃􀀊b􀀏􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 L􀀊􀀚􀀆􀀇􀀄􀀆(􀀁􀀁 BY) . T􀀓􀀆 􀀏􀀄􀀆􀀍 􀀙􀀊􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀊b􀀏􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀔􀀃 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀃􀀔􀀙􀀏􀀚􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀊􀀇 􀀔􀀅􀀓􀀆􀀃 f􀀔􀀃􀀏􀀌􀀄 􀀊􀀄 􀀕􀀆􀀃􀀌􀀊􀀅􀀅􀀆􀀙􀀍 􀀕􀀃􀀔v􀀊􀀙􀀆􀀙 􀀅􀀓􀀆􀀔􀀃􀀊􀀒􀀊􀀇􀀂􀀋 􀀂􀀏􀀅􀀓􀀔􀀃(􀀄) 􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀚􀀔􀀕y􀀃􀀊􀀒􀀓􀀅 􀀔w􀀇􀀆􀀃(􀀄)􀀂􀀃􀀆 􀀚􀀃􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀅􀀆􀀙 􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀅􀀓􀀂􀀅 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀔􀀃􀀊􀀒􀀊􀀇􀀂􀀋 􀀕􀀏b􀀋􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀊􀀇 􀀅􀀓􀀊􀀄 j􀀔􀀏􀀃􀀇􀀂􀀋 􀀊􀀄 􀀚􀀊􀀅􀀆􀀙􀀍 􀀊􀀇 􀀂􀀚􀀚􀀔􀀃􀀙􀀂􀀇􀀚􀀆 w􀀊􀀅􀀓􀀂􀀚􀀚􀀆􀀕􀀅􀀆􀀙 􀀂􀀚􀀂􀀙􀀆􀀌􀀊􀀚 􀀕􀀃􀀂􀀚􀀅􀀊􀀚􀀆 . 􀀝􀀔 􀀏􀀄􀀆􀀍􀀙􀀊􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀊b􀀏􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀔􀀃 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀃􀀔􀀙􀀏􀀚􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀊􀀄 􀀕􀀆􀀃􀀌􀀊􀀅􀀅􀀆􀀙 w􀀓􀀊􀀚􀀓 􀀙􀀔􀀆􀀄 􀀇􀀔􀀅 􀀚􀀔􀀌􀀕􀀋y w􀀊􀀅􀀓 􀀅􀀓􀀆􀀄􀀆 􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀌􀀄 . 􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀆􀀇􀀈􀀉 􀀋􀀈􀀌􀀇􀀂􀀍 􀀎􀀏􀀏􀀏 􀀐􀀅􀀑􀀌􀀆􀀅􀀃􀀌􀀒􀀌􀀈􀀓􀀔􀀅􀀐 􀀕􀀒 􀀖􀀗􀀘􀀙􀀗 􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀅 􀀚􀀓􀀇􀀈􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃􀀔􀀛􀀍􀀅􀀔􀀅􀀃􀀇􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀜􀀆􀀇􀀝 􀀆􀀃􀀇􀀍􀀈􀀌􀀍􀀈􀀃􀀆􀀈􀀉􀀝􀀅􀀚􀀂􀀍􀀍􀀝􀀈􀀄􀀅􀀞 􀀈 􀀌􀀈􀀔􀀅 􀀍􀀅􀀛􀀂􀀍􀀇 􀀈􀀂 W􀀈􀀃􀀄 􀀗†, R􀀓􀀂􀀇􀀂􀀃􀀄 Y􀀈􀀃􀀄 2† 􀀈􀀃􀀐 J􀀆􀀈􀀃􀀌􀀝􀀈􀀃􀀄 L􀀆 􀀗* 1 􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀂􀀅􀀃􀀊􀀚 􀀉􀀆􀀌􀀂􀀅􀀔􀀋􀀔􀀒y 􀀂􀀇􀀙 E􀀇􀀙􀀔􀀚􀀃􀀊􀀇􀀔􀀋􀀔􀀒y􀀍 B􀀊􀀇z􀀓􀀔􀀏 􀀐􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀋 􀀞􀀇􀀊v􀀆􀀃􀀄􀀊􀀅y 􀀉􀀔􀀄􀀕􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋􀀍 B􀀊􀀇z􀀓􀀔􀀏􀀍 S􀀓􀀂􀀇􀀙􀀔􀀇􀀒􀀍􀀁􀀓􀀊􀀇􀀂􀀍 2 􀀝􀀆􀀔􀀇􀀂􀀅􀀂􀀋 􀀛􀀇􀀅􀀆􀀇􀀄􀀊v􀀆 􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀆 􀀞􀀇􀀊􀀅􀀍 B􀀊􀀇z􀀓􀀔􀀏 􀀐􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀋 􀀞􀀇􀀊v􀀆􀀃􀀄􀀊􀀅y 􀀉􀀔􀀄􀀕􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋􀀍 B􀀊􀀇z􀀓􀀔􀀏􀀍 S􀀓􀀂􀀇􀀙􀀔􀀇􀀒􀀍 􀀁􀀓􀀊􀀇􀀂 T􀀓􀀊􀀄 􀀚􀀂􀀄􀀆 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀔􀀃􀀅 􀀙􀀆􀀄􀀚􀀃􀀊b􀀆􀀄 􀀂 􀀌􀀂􀀋􀀆 􀀊􀀇f􀀂􀀇􀀅 w􀀊􀀅􀀓 􀀚􀀔􀀇􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋 􀀜􀀂􀀚􀀅􀀔􀀃 X􀀛􀀛􀀛 􀀙􀀆ﬁ􀀚􀀊􀀆􀀇􀀚y w􀀓􀀔􀀕􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀆􀀙 w􀀊􀀅􀀓 􀀄􀀆v􀀆􀀃􀀆 􀀊􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀚􀀃􀀂􀀇􀀊􀀂􀀋 􀀓􀀆􀀌􀀔􀀃􀀃􀀓􀀂􀀒􀀆 . T􀀓􀀆 􀀋􀀂􀀅􀀆 􀀕􀀃􀀆􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀌 􀀊􀀇f􀀂􀀇􀀅 (36 +4 w􀀆􀀆􀀗􀀄) 􀀆x􀀓􀀊b􀀊􀀅􀀆􀀙 􀀆􀀂􀀃􀀋y 􀀄􀀊􀀒􀀇􀀄 􀀔f b􀀋􀀆􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀇􀀒􀀍 􀀊􀀇􀀚􀀋􀀏􀀙􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀂 􀀓􀀆􀀌􀀂􀀅􀀔􀀌􀀂 􀀂􀀅 􀀂􀀇 􀀊􀀇j􀀆􀀚􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀄􀀊􀀅􀀆 􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀏􀀌b􀀊􀀋􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀋 􀀄􀀅􀀏􀀌􀀕 b􀀋􀀆􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀇􀀒 . 􀀘􀀅 􀀅w􀀔 􀀌􀀔􀀇􀀅􀀓􀀄 􀀔f 􀀂􀀒􀀆􀀍 􀀓􀀆 􀀆x􀀕􀀆􀀃􀀊􀀆􀀇􀀚􀀆􀀙 􀀂􀀄􀀕􀀔􀀇􀀅􀀂􀀇􀀆􀀔􀀏􀀄􀀍 􀀒􀀃􀀂􀀙􀀆 􀀛V 􀀊􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀚􀀃􀀂􀀇􀀊􀀂􀀋 􀀓􀀆􀀌􀀔􀀃􀀃􀀓􀀂􀀒􀀆 􀀚􀀔􀀌􀀕􀀋􀀊􀀚􀀂􀀅􀀆􀀙 by 􀀓y􀀙􀀃􀀔􀀚􀀆􀀕􀀓􀀂􀀋􀀏􀀄 .􀀝􀀔􀀅􀀂b􀀋y􀀍 􀀃􀀔􀀏􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀆 􀀚􀀔􀀂􀀒􀀏􀀋􀀂􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀄􀀅􀀏􀀙􀀊􀀆􀀄 w􀀆􀀃􀀆 w􀀊􀀅􀀓􀀊􀀇 􀀇􀀔􀀃􀀌􀀂􀀋 􀀋􀀊􀀌􀀊􀀅􀀄 . T􀀓􀀆 􀀙􀀊􀀂􀀒􀀇􀀔􀀄􀀊􀀄 w􀀂􀀄 􀀚􀀔􀀇ﬁ􀀃􀀌􀀆􀀙 by 􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀆􀀅􀀊􀀚 􀀅􀀆􀀄􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒􀀍 w􀀓􀀊􀀚􀀓 􀀊􀀙􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀊ﬁ􀀆􀀙 􀀚􀀔􀀌􀀕􀀔􀀏􀀇􀀙 􀀓􀀆􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀔zy􀀒􀀔􀀏􀀄􀀌􀀏􀀅􀀂􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀄 􀀊􀀇 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀜13􀀘1 􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀆 . 􀀐􀀂􀀇􀀂􀀒􀀆􀀌􀀆􀀇􀀅 􀀊􀀇v􀀔􀀋v􀀆􀀙 􀀆x􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀇􀀂􀀋 v􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀊􀀚􀀏􀀋􀀂􀀃 􀀙􀀃􀀂􀀊􀀇􀀂􀀒􀀆􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀃􀀆􀀒􀀏􀀋􀀂􀀃 f􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀓 f􀀃􀀔z􀀆􀀇 􀀕􀀋􀀂􀀄􀀌􀀂 􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀇􀀄f􀀏􀀄􀀊􀀔􀀇􀀄 􀀂􀀄 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀋􀀂􀀚􀀆􀀌􀀆􀀇􀀅 􀀅􀀓􀀆􀀃􀀂􀀕y􀀍 􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀏􀀋􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀊􀀇􀀂 f􀀂v􀀔􀀃􀀂b􀀋􀀆 􀀔􀀏􀀅􀀚􀀔􀀌􀀆 . T􀀓􀀊􀀄 􀀚􀀂􀀄􀀆 􀀏􀀇􀀙􀀆􀀃􀀄􀀚􀀔􀀃􀀆􀀄 􀀅􀀓􀀂􀀅 􀀚􀀔􀀇􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀊􀀅􀀂􀀋 􀀜X􀀛􀀛􀀛 􀀙􀀆ﬁ􀀚􀀊􀀆􀀇􀀚y 􀀄􀀓􀀔􀀏􀀋􀀙 b􀀆 􀀚􀀔􀀇􀀄􀀊􀀙􀀆􀀃􀀆􀀙 􀀊􀀇 􀀅􀀓􀀆 􀀙􀀊ff􀀆􀀃􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀊􀀂􀀋 􀀙􀀊􀀂􀀒􀀇􀀔􀀄􀀊􀀄 f􀀔􀀃 􀀊􀀇f􀀂􀀇􀀅􀀄 􀀕􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒 w􀀊􀀅􀀓􀀏􀀇􀀆x􀀕􀀋􀀂􀀊􀀇􀀆􀀙 􀀕􀀆􀀃􀀊􀀇􀀂􀀅􀀂􀀋 b􀀋􀀆􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀔􀀃 􀀊􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀚􀀃􀀂􀀇􀀊􀀂􀀋 􀀓􀀆􀀌􀀔􀀃􀀃􀀓􀀂􀀒􀀆􀀍 􀀆􀀄􀀕􀀆􀀚􀀊􀀂􀀋􀀋y w􀀓􀀆􀀇􀀄􀀅􀀂􀀇􀀙􀀂􀀃􀀙 􀀚􀀔􀀂􀀒􀀏􀀋􀀂􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀄􀀚􀀃􀀆􀀆􀀇􀀄 􀀂􀀃􀀆 􀀇􀀔􀀃􀀌􀀂􀀋 . E􀀂􀀃􀀋y 􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀆􀀅􀀊􀀚 􀀅􀀆􀀄􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀊􀀇􀀄􀀅􀀊􀀅􀀏􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀇 􀀔f 􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀏􀀚􀀅􀀏􀀃􀀆􀀙 􀀃􀀆􀀕􀀋􀀂􀀚􀀆􀀌􀀆􀀇􀀅 􀀅􀀓􀀆􀀃􀀂􀀕y 􀀂􀀃􀀆 􀀚􀀃􀀏􀀚􀀊􀀂􀀋 f􀀔􀀃 􀀕􀀃􀀆v􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀋􀀊f􀀆-􀀅􀀓􀀃􀀆􀀂􀀅􀀆􀀇􀀊􀀇􀀒 b􀀋􀀆􀀆􀀙􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀂􀀇􀀙 􀀊􀀌􀀕􀀃􀀔v􀀊􀀇􀀒 􀀋􀀔􀀇􀀒-􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀌 􀀕􀀃􀀔􀀒􀀇􀀔􀀄􀀊􀀄 . 􀀕􀀁􀀇􀀊􀀌􀀈􀀂􀀍 􀀖􀀗􀀘􀀙􀀚􀀛 􀀜􀀃􀀃􀀃 􀀝􀀞 􀀘i􀀞n􀀘y, in􀀙􀀛􀀗􀀘􀀛􀀗ni􀀗l h􀀞m􀀚􀀛􀀛h􀀗g􀀞, F13􀀐1 g􀀞n􀀞, in􀀖􀀗n􀀙, g􀀞n􀀞􀀙i􀀘 􀀝i􀀗gn􀀚sis 􀀏􀀃􀀇􀀍􀀂􀀐􀀓􀀌􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀆􀀇􀀈􀀉 􀀋􀀈􀀌􀀇􀀂􀀍 􀀎􀀏􀀏􀀏 􀀐􀀋􀀎􀀏􀀏􀀏􀀑 􀀒􀀅􀀓􀀌􀀆􀀅􀀃􀀌􀀔 􀀆􀀕 􀀈 􀀍􀀈􀀍􀀅 􀀈􀀖􀀇􀀂􀀕􀀂􀀗􀀈􀀉 􀀍􀀅􀀌􀀅􀀕􀀕􀀆􀀘􀀅 􀀙􀀉􀀅􀀅􀀒􀀆􀀃􀀄􀀒􀀆􀀕􀀂􀀍􀀒􀀅􀀍􀀚 􀀛􀀍􀀅􀀒􀀂􀀗􀀆􀀃􀀈􀀃􀀇􀀉􀀔 􀀌􀀈􀀖􀀕􀀅􀀒 􀀙􀀔 􀀗􀀖􀀇􀀈􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃􀀕 􀀆􀀃 􀀇􀀜􀀅 􀀋􀀝􀀞 􀀝 􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀅􀀚 􀀌􀀜􀀈􀀍􀀈􀀌􀀇􀀅􀀍􀀆z􀀅􀀒 􀀙􀀔􀀆􀀗􀀛􀀈􀀆􀀍􀀅􀀒 􀀓􀀙􀀍􀀆􀀃 􀀌􀀍􀀂􀀕􀀕-􀀉􀀆􀀃k􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀒􀀖􀀍􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀇􀀜􀀅 􀀓􀀃􀀈􀀉 􀀕􀀇􀀈􀀄􀀅 􀀂f 􀀌􀀂􀀈􀀄􀀖􀀉􀀈􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀐􀀝􀀑 . T􀀜􀀅 􀀒􀀆􀀕􀀅􀀈􀀕􀀅 􀀌􀀈􀀃􀀗􀀈􀀃􀀆f􀀅􀀕􀀇 􀀆􀀃 􀀇􀀜􀀅 􀀃􀀅􀀂􀀃􀀈􀀇􀀈􀀉 􀀛􀀅􀀍􀀆􀀂􀀒 􀀈􀀕 􀀈􀀃 􀀖􀀃􀀅x􀀛􀀉􀀈􀀆􀀃􀀅􀀒 􀀙􀀉􀀅􀀅􀀒􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀒􀀅􀀃􀀌􀀔􀀚 w􀀆􀀇􀀜 􀀒􀀅􀀉􀀈􀀔􀀅􀀒􀀖􀀗􀀙􀀆􀀉􀀆􀀌􀀈􀀉 􀀕􀀇􀀖􀀗􀀛 􀀙􀀉􀀅􀀅􀀒􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀙􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀈 􀀌􀀉􀀈􀀕􀀕􀀆􀀌 􀀅􀀈􀀍􀀉􀀔 􀀕􀀆􀀄􀀃 . 􀀋􀀖􀀍􀀇􀀜􀀅􀀍􀀗􀀂􀀍􀀅􀀚 􀀈ff􀀅􀀌􀀇􀀅􀀒 􀀆􀀃f􀀈􀀃􀀇􀀕 􀀈􀀍􀀅 􀀈􀀇􀀍􀀆􀀕k f􀀂􀀍 􀀉􀀆f􀀅-􀀇􀀜􀀍􀀅􀀈􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀕􀀛􀀂􀀃􀀇􀀈􀀃􀀅􀀂􀀖􀀕 􀀙􀀉􀀅􀀅􀀒􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀅􀀘􀀅􀀃􀀇􀀕􀀚 􀀕􀀖􀀌􀀜 􀀈􀀕 􀀆􀀃􀀇􀀍􀀈􀀌􀀍􀀈􀀃􀀆􀀈􀀉 􀀜􀀅􀀗􀀂􀀍􀀍􀀜􀀈􀀄􀀅􀀐2􀀚 􀀞􀀑 . T􀀜􀀆􀀕 􀀛􀀈􀀛􀀅􀀍 􀀍􀀅􀀛􀀂􀀍􀀇􀀕 􀀈 􀀌􀀈􀀕􀀅 􀀂f 􀀕􀀛􀀂􀀃􀀇􀀈􀀃􀀅􀀂􀀖􀀕 􀀆􀀃􀀇􀀍􀀈􀀌􀀍􀀈􀀃􀀆􀀈􀀉 􀀜􀀅􀀗􀀂􀀍􀀍􀀜􀀈􀀄􀀅 􀀕􀀅􀀌􀀂􀀃􀀒􀀈􀀍􀀔 􀀇􀀂􀀌􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀆􀀇􀀈􀀉 f􀀈􀀌􀀇􀀂􀀍 􀀎􀀏􀀏􀀏 􀀒􀀅􀀓􀀌􀀆􀀅􀀃􀀌􀀔. 􀀏􀀇 􀀆􀀃􀀌􀀉􀀖􀀒􀀅􀀕 􀀈 􀀉􀀆􀀇􀀅􀀍􀀈􀀇􀀖􀀍􀀅 􀀍􀀅􀀘􀀆􀀅w 􀀇􀀂 􀀅􀀃􀀜􀀈􀀃􀀌􀀅 􀀇􀀜􀀅 􀀌􀀉􀀆􀀃􀀆􀀌􀀈􀀉􀀖􀀃􀀒􀀅􀀍􀀕􀀇􀀈􀀃􀀒􀀆􀀃􀀄 􀀂f 􀀇􀀜􀀆􀀕 􀀌􀀂􀀃􀀒􀀆􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀈􀀃􀀒 􀀕􀀖􀀗􀀗􀀈􀀍􀀆z􀀅 􀀆􀀇􀀕 􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀅􀀇􀀆􀀌 􀀙􀀈􀀕􀀆􀀕􀀚 􀀌􀀉􀀆􀀃􀀆􀀌􀀈􀀉 f􀀅􀀈􀀇􀀖􀀍􀀅􀀕􀀚􀀒􀀆􀀈􀀄􀀃􀀂􀀕􀀇􀀆􀀌 􀀈􀀛􀀛􀀍􀀂􀀈􀀌􀀜􀀅􀀕􀀚 􀀈􀀃􀀒 􀀗􀀈􀀃􀀈􀀄􀀅􀀗􀀅􀀃􀀇 􀀕􀀇􀀍􀀈􀀇􀀅􀀄􀀆􀀅􀀕 . 􀀁􀀈􀀔􀀅 􀀛􀀍􀀅􀀔􀀅􀀃􀀇􀀈􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀗􀀈􀀉􀀅 􀀆􀀃f􀀈􀀃􀀇􀀚 G2P2􀀚 w􀀈􀀕 􀀒􀀅􀀉􀀆􀀘􀀅􀀍􀀅􀀒 􀀘􀀆􀀈 􀀌􀀅􀀕􀀈􀀍􀀅􀀈􀀃 􀀕􀀅􀀌􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀈􀀇 􀀈 􀀄􀀅􀀕􀀇􀀈􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃􀀈􀀉 􀀈􀀄􀀅 􀀂f 􀀞6 w􀀅􀀅k􀀕 􀀈􀀃􀀒 4 􀀒􀀈􀀔􀀕 􀀒􀀖􀀅 􀀇􀀂 􀀛􀀍􀀅􀀗􀀈􀀇􀀖􀀍􀀆􀀇􀀔. 􀀏􀀗􀀗􀀅􀀒􀀆􀀈􀀇􀀅􀀉􀀔 􀀈f􀀇􀀅􀀍 􀀙􀀆􀀍􀀇􀀜􀀚 􀀜􀀅 􀀍􀀅􀀌􀀅􀀆􀀘􀀅􀀒 􀀈􀀃􀀆􀀃􀀇􀀍􀀈􀀗􀀖􀀕􀀌􀀖􀀉􀀈􀀍 􀀘􀀆􀀇􀀈􀀗􀀆􀀃 K 􀀆􀀃j􀀅􀀌􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃􀀚 w􀀜􀀆􀀌􀀜 w􀀈􀀕 f􀀂􀀉􀀉􀀂w􀀅􀀒 􀀙􀀔 􀀈 􀀛􀀅􀀍􀀕􀀆􀀕􀀇􀀅􀀃􀀇 􀀕􀀂f􀀇 􀀇􀀆􀀕􀀕􀀖􀀅 􀀖􀀍􀀂􀀃􀀇􀀆􀀅􀀍􀀔 􀀆􀀃 P􀀅􀀐􀀆􀀈􀀇􀀍􀀆􀀌􀀔 0􀀗 􀀋􀀍􀀂􀀃􀀇􀀆􀀅􀀍􀀔􀀆􀀃 .􀀂􀀍􀀄 􀀜􀀅􀀗􀀈􀀇􀀂􀀗􀀈 􀀈􀀇 􀀇􀀜􀀅 􀀆􀀃j􀀅􀀌􀀇􀀆􀀂􀀃 􀀕􀀆􀀇􀀅 . O􀀃 􀀇

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Where can the publication be located?

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Sep 28, 2026

Uploaded by Sophia Brooks