Comparison of Extraction Socket Healing in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Hypoglycemics Versus Nondiabetic - Original Research

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by jay

The study evaluates whether tooth-extraction wound healing differs between patients with type 2 diabetes receiving oral hypoglycemic medications and nondiabetic patients. Dental extraction referrals were divided into a diabetic oral-hypoglycemic group and a control group. Random blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were recorded. Extractions were performed under local anesthesia, delayed healing was documented, and postoperative pain/healing were assessed on day 3, day 7, and day 14.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Pages4

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Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study design

Participants and grouping

Original Article Comparison of Extraction Socket Healing in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Hypoglycemics Versus Nondiabetic—Original Research Effie Edsor1,2, Mathew Jose3, Sajesh S.3, Priyadharsana P. S.2, Nandagopan S.3, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya4 1Research Scholar, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India, 4Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Submitted: 15‑Jul‑2025 Revised: 24‑Jul‑2025 Accepted: 08‑Aug‑2025 Published: 17‑Dec‑2025 Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a difference in the wound healing process following the extraction of a tooth between type 2 diabetes patients on oral hypoglycemic medications and nondiabetic patients. Methods: Patients referred for dental extractions were divided into two groups: diabetics on oral hypoglycemic and nondiabetic patients. Random blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were recorded for all participants. Extractions were performed under local anesthesia, and cases of delayed healing were noted. Statistical analyses were done. Results: Pain and healing were assessed on postoperative day 3, day 7, and day14 . No significant association between delayed extraction socket healing and diabetic patients was noted. Conclusion: This study did not support the traditional belief that diabetics are more prone to delayed healing in tooth extraction. Type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycemic medications can be managed in the same way as nondiabetic patients for dental extractions. Keywords: Delayed healing, extraction, oral hypoglycemic, socket healing, type 2 diabetes Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a chronic hyperglycemic condition resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.[1] There are two types of DM: (1) Type 1 diabetes, also called insulin dependent DM and (2) Type 2 diabetes, also called noninsulin‑dependent DM.[2] Diabetic patients tend to suffer long-term complications, which tend to be categorized as either macrovascular, microvascular, or neuropathic complications.[3,4] re‑epithelialization.[6] Hyperglycemia also impairs wound healing via free radical damage as a result of reduced activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.[6] In general, changes to the capillaries, such as thickening of the basement membrane, result in altered permeability, impeded migration of leucocytes, and impaired hyperemia leading to tissue hypoxia.[5,7] These changes can adversely affect the outcome of surgery, resulting in poor wound healing and wound infection. Hyperglycemic condition leads to the development of atherosclerosis, thereby preventing circulating nutrients from reaching wounds, causing impaired healing.[5] Hyperglycemia not only affects endothelial cells but also keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, proliferation, and protein synthesis—all of which are essential for | Access this article online | | | --- | --- | | Quick Response Code:
| Website: [https://journals.lww.com/jpbs](https://journals.lww.com/jpbs) | | | DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1240_25 | © 2025 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow S2947 Diabetes affects 537 million adults worldwide between the ages of 20 and 79.[8] The number of persons with DMis increasing at an epidemic pace throughout the world, making this chronic disease one of the most common medical conditions encountered in dental practice.[9] The oral environment with the forces of mastication, high bone turnover, high vascularity, saliva, and the constant reservoir of microorganisms makes the o

FAQs

What was the aim of the study?

To determine whether wound healing after tooth extraction differs between type 2 diabetes patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs and nondiabetic patients.

How were participants divided?

Patients undergoing dental extractions were assigned into two groups: diabetics on oral hypoglycemics and nondiabetic controls.

What outcomes were assessed after extraction?

Pain and healing were evaluated on postoperative day 3, day 7, and day 14, and delayed healing outcomes were recorded.

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by jay