Comparative Study of Numerical Skills of 5th Grade Students Enrolled in Non-Formal Educational Institutions

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by Logic

The study investigates and compares the numerical skills of fifth-grade students enrolled in two non-formal education institution types: Basic Education Community Schools (BECS) and the feeder schools of the National Commission for Human Development (NCHD). A quantitative survey design with pilot testing guided the research, using a self-created achievement test. The sample included 84 students from four selected schools in Islamabad, Pakistan. Results indicate BECS students perform better than NCHD feeder-school students, and recommendations emphasize similar support and ongoing teacher development.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages21

Reading Time53 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Non-formal education and numeracy support

BECS background and structure

NCHD background and policy context

Comparative Study of Numerical Skills of 5th Grade Students Enrolled in Non-Formal Educational Institutions of Basic Education Community Schools (BECS) and National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) Muhammad Ajmal*, Imtiaz Akhter ** and Muhammad Sawar Khan*** Abstract The purpose for this study was to investigate and compare the numerical skills of fifth grade students signed up for non-formal two types educational institutions of Basic Education Community Schools (BECS) and feeder schools of the National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) . The fundamental objective of this study was to research and examine the essential numerical skills of students of the both institution and to analyze the performance of school students. The Quantitative research design with survey method was used based on pilot testing. The study's sample comprised of 84 students currently enrolled of both males and females genders at the fifth grade level from four haphazardly chosen schools of the previously mentioned organizations which are situated in Islamabad capital of Pakistan. The purposive random sampling method was used and collected data from the sample individuals through a self-created achievement test. The findings of the study showed that the students of BECS were more capable and have improved results than the students of the feeder schools of NCHD. The study suggested that the students of both BECS and feeder schools of NCHD may similarly be dealt with. The instructors might be given opportunity and trainings for their continuous professional development. The numerical skills development program might be created in light of the society's necessities as well as on present trends globally. Keywords: Basic Education Community Schools (BECS), National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) and Numerical Skills. *Associate Professor, Department of Distance, Non-Formal and Continuing Education, Faculty of Eduacation, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) [Islamabad. Email: drajmal@aiou.edu](Islamabad. Email: drajmal@aiou.edu) **PhD Scholar, Department of Distance, Non-Formal and Continuing Education, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad. Email: [imtiazakhter6@gmail.com](imtiazakhter6@gmail.com) ***M.Phil Scholar, Department of Distance, Non-Formal and Continuing Education, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad. Email: [sawar.khan1@gmail.com](sawar.khan1@gmail.com) Introduction Non-formal education is one of the best and every now and frequently practicing approaches to conferring education to further develop the acquiring abilities and levels of students, adult people and so forth. Whether the point is to show essential literacy abilities or skills in numeracy, the non-formal education system perhaps a useful device to convey education to the students who can't afford through the conventional methods of education. Non-formal education is a significant elective strategy for schooling to further develop education rates, particularly in emerging nations. Pakistan is likewise confronting the extraordinary test of a low proficiency rate in fundamental schooling (Latchem and Latchem, 2018) . It is likewise mentionable that endeavors have been in progress to mitigate both neediness and an absence of assets to wipe out ignorance, particularly among kids, yet the circumstance might not have improved significantly. Pakistan has a lower education rate than that in its adjoining nations. The dropout proportion in the essential education area is practically 22.7%(Jafree, 2023) . There are around 22.6 million kids who are still out of school in Pakistan (Farooq et al., 2017) . To further develop the proficiency proportion in Pakistan, the State head's Education Bonus Islamabad set up Non-Formal Basic Education Schools (NFBES) in 1996 (Abdullah et al., 2022) . Few fundamental education local area schools have been laid out in our country. Around 3 million out-of-younger students have been instructed startin

FAQs

What is the main purpose of the study?

The study aims to investigate and compare the numerical skills of fifth-grade students enrolled in BECS and NCHD feeder schools, and to analyze their performance.

How was the research conducted and what was the sample size?

A quantitative survey design with pilot testing was used. The sample comprised 84 fifth-grade students (male and female) from four selected schools in Islamabad.

Which group showed better numerical skills results?

Students in BECS demonstrated stronger numerical skills and improved results compared with students in NCHD feeder schools.

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by Logic