Comparative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by hdkawk

Randomized trial evaluating how SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists affect glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus over 24 weeks. 120 participants received either empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin, bexagliflozin, sotagliflozin or a GLP-1/related regimen including liraglutide and several DPP-4 inhibitors. Primary endpoint was HbA1c reduction; secondary endpoints included weight change, cardiovascular markers, and adverse events. Both groups improved HbA1c, with GLP-1 showing slightly greater reduction, while SGLT2 had fewer gastrointestinal issues.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Pages3

Reading Time8 min

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Introduction

Methodology

Results

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Keywords

Original Research Comparative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP‑1 Agonists on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ved Prakash1, Sangeeta Gupta2, Saumya Singh3, Anurag Rawat4, Amit Vasant Deshpande5, Amrit Podder6, Parth Jani7 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 3Department of Biochemistry, Rama Medical College‑Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 4Department of Cardiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 5Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, 6Department of Physiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 7Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Submitted: 02‑Aug‑2025 Revised: 14‑Aug‑2025 Accepted: 18‑Aug‑2025 Published: 17‑Dec‑2025 Abstract Introduction: The goal of this study was to find out how SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‑1 receptor agonists help persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) keep their blood sugar levels stable. Methodology: There were 120 people in the trial. They were randomly given either empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Bexagliflozin, Sotagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) or liraglutide, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin, Vildagliptin (n GLP‑1 receptor agonist) to consume for 24 weeks. The major goal was to lower the levels of HbA1c. Some of the secondary outcomes included losing weight, markers of heart health, and adverse events. Results: Both treatments brought down HbA1c levels a lot, although GLP‑1 agonists brought them down a little bit more. Both groups’systolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol levels improved, but the group that took GLP‑1 agonists lost more weight. People who took SGLT2 inhibitors didn’t have as many stomach problems, whereas people who took GLP‑1 agonists got nauseated and threw up. Conclusion: The study showed that both types of medicines do a decent job of keeping blood sugar levels steady. But GLP‑1 agonists are better at helping people lose weight and keep their hearts healthy, so they are also a fantastic choice for people who have these problems. It’s crucial to consider what each patient needs and what could go wrong while establishing treatment plans for them. Keywords: GLP‑1 receptor agonists, glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors, type 2 diabetes, weight loss Introduction Typeissue2, Diabwithettehse MellitWorldusHe(T2DMalth Or)giasna gizatliobonal(healthWHO) projecting 830 million people affected by 2022, a number expected to rise significantly in the coming decades.[1] T2DM leads to excessively high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective | Access this article online | | | --- | --- | | Quick Response Code:
| Website: [https://journals.lww.com/jpbs](https://journals.lww.com/jpbs) | | | DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1334_25 | use, posing risks to the heart, kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Effective management is critical to reduce complications | Address for correspondence: Dr. Sangeeta Gupta,
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
E-mail: [drsangeeta77.65@rediffmail.com](drsangeeta77.65@rediffmail.com) | | --- | | This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
For reprints [contact:](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)[ WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com](contact: WK

FAQs

What is the primary goal of the study comparing SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists?

The primary goal is to determine how SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists help participants reduce HbA1c levels and maintain glycemic control.

How were participants treated during the 24-week trial?

120 participants were randomized to receive either an SGLT2 inhibitor regimen (including empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin, bexagliflozin, or sotagliflozin) or a GLP-1-related regimen (including liraglutide and DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, and vildagliptin).

What were the main differences in outcomes between the two treatment groups?

Both treatments lowered HbA1c substantially, with GLP-1 agonists producing a slightly greater HbA1c reduction. GLP-1 agonists were associated with more weight loss, while SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with fewer gastrointestinal problems; GLP-1 agonists caused more nausea and vomiting.

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by hdkawk