Climate Afflictions - International Development in Focus - Part 1 - Introduction and Overview - Chapters 1-2

Jul 19, 2026

Climate Afflictions examines how climate change and variability influence health outcomes, emphasizing why attention to specific diseases is necessary. It outlines Bangladesh’s vulnerability, report objectives, and structure, then summarizes evidence related to infectious diseases and mental health, including climate variability and mosquito dynamics. The document further details survey-based data methods, key variables, and analysis of results such as infectious diseases, persistent illnesses, and mental health, supported by notes and references.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages149

Reading Time6 h 15 min

AccessFree to download

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Executive Summary

Abbreviations

Part I Introduction and Overview

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Overview of Evidence Gathered

Part II Analysis of Primary Data Collected Through a Survey

Chapter 3 Data and Methods

Chapter 4 Results and Analyses

Part III Climate Change and Disease Patterns

Chapter 5 Change in Climate Patterns: 1976–2019

Chapter 6 Climate Change Observed: 1901–2019

Chapter 7 Climate Projections to 2099

Chapter 8 Patterns of Infectious Diseases in Bangladesh

Part IV Way Forward and Conclusions

Chapter 9 Recommendations for Public Policy

Climate Afflictions Iffat Mahmud, Wameq A. Raza, and Md Rafi Hossain INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS Climate Afflictions IFFAT MAHMUD, WAMEQ A. RAZA, AND MD RAFI HOSSAIN © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of World Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute, imply, or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Mahmud, Iffat, Wameq A. Raza, and Md Rafi Hossain. 2021. Climate Afflictions. International Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10. 1596/978-1-4648-1764-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-partyowned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish tore-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; [e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org). ISBN: 978-1-4648-1764-9

FAQs

What health areas does the report focus on in relation to climate change?

The report focuses on infectious diseases and mental health, connecting these outcomes to climate variability and environmental conditions such as mosquito-related dynamics.

How does the report analyze evidence gathered and survey results?

It reviews evidence on infectious diseases and mental health and then presents survey-based analysis using collected primary data, including household panel data and weather data.

Which climate time ranges are covered in the climate pattern analysis?

The document includes changes in climate patterns for 1976–2019 and climate observed data for 1901–2019, along with climate projections through 2099.

Jul 19, 2026

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