China Survey Report on High Schools’ Online Learning Status During the Pandemic

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by hdkawk

China Survey Report on High Schools’ Online Learning Status During the Pandemic analyzes national survey results collected during COVID-19 to understand online secondary education quality and implementation. Responses from 33,194 high school students and 5,667 teachers across 164 schools in multiple provinces, a municipality, and an autonomous region cover learning environment, teaching preparation and supervision, perceived learning effects, physical and mental health, and labor education. Findings address heterogeneity in learning outcomes and provide targeted recommendations for post-resumption school education.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages13

Reading Time33 min

AccessFree to download

Highlights

Survey Design and Participants

Questionnaire Topics

Brief Descriptive Findings

Online Teaching Equipment and Internet Access

China Survey Report on High Schools’ Online Learning Status During the Pandemic Congbin Guo (郭丛斌), Zhuzhu Xu (徐柱柱) , Chenchen Fang (方晨晨), and Bo Qin (秦博) Peking University ECNU Review of Education 2024, Vol. 7(1) 182–194 © The Author(s) 2022 Article reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/20965311221089671](DOI: 10.1177/20965311221089671)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/20965311221089671)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe) Highlights • We examined the results of a large-scale national survey of online secondary education in China. The online survey of 33,194 high school students and 5,667 teachers has provided comprehensive and representative data regarding the quality of online education and its implementation during the pandemic. • Questionnaire surveys administered to students and teachers in different grades and comparative analysis of different cohorts revealed group heterogeneity of the online learning effect. • The ﬁndings have elucidated the emergency teaching situation in China during the pandemic, yielding targeted suggestions for school education following the resumption of classes. Keywords China, high school, online learning, pandemic, survey report Date received: 6 April 2021; accepted: 12 December 2021 The pandemic signiﬁcantly affected global schooling (OECD, 2020) . China was the ﬁrst country to move formal primary and secondary education online in January of 2020 . China’s Ministry of Education (MOE) named this measure “nonstopped teaching and learning,” emphasizing that“school opening is delayed, but learning is on schedule.” This resulted in the largest online teaching and learning initiative in history, with both the largest number of online courses and the greatest participation of teachers and students on record (Wang, 2020) . Corresponding author: Bo Qin, Centre for Research on Education Data, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Email: [qinbo@pku.edu.cn](qinbo@pku.edu.cn) Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as speciﬁed on the SAGE and Open Access page ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)). To gain an in-depth understanding of high school students’ online learning during the pandemic, the Center for Research on Education Data in the Graduate School of Education at Peking University conducted the “China National Survey of High School Online Learning During the Pandemic” before schools resumed regular ofﬂine meetings. Teachers and students from 164 high schools in eight provinces (Fujian, Jiangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Liaoning, Guangdong, Shandong, Anhui), one municipality (Beijing), and one autonomous region (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), participated in the online survey. Survey respondents covered all students (Grades 1–3, i.e., equivalent to K10–K12) in every senior high school and their teachers. Questionnaires mainly focused on the online learning conditions and environment, teaching preparation and supervision, evaluation of the learning effect, physical and mental health, and labor education. By May 20, 2020, the research team received 33,194 valid student questionnaires, comprising 12,033 ﬁrst graders, 10,095 second graders, and 11,066 third graders, with 16,525 boys and 16,669 girls. Additionally, 5,667 teachers completed questionnaires, with the gender breakdown being 2,268 males and 3,399 females teachers. Of the teacher respondents, 96% held a bachelor’s degree or above. This research was carrie

FAQs

What survey data does the report analyze?

It analyzes results from a large-scale national survey of 33,194 high school students and 5,667 teachers collected during the pandemic.

How were participants selected and from where?

Teachers and students came from 164 high schools across eight provinces, one municipality (Beijing), and one autonomous region (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).

Which areas are covered by the questionnaires?

Questionnaires focused on online learning conditions and environment, teaching preparation and supervision, evaluation of learning effects, physical and mental health, and labor education.

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by hdkawk