Characteristics of insulin prescriptions and their association with glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Q: Which insulin instruction types and dosing factors showed associations with HbA1c reduction or target achievement?

Carb counting, correction, sliding scale, and providing a maximum daily insulin dose were associated with HbA1c reduction. Correction instruction was more likely than dosing frequency to meet the HbA1c target.

Sep 29, 2026

Uploaded by moss~

Open access study examines how insulin prescription characteristics relate to glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Electronic health records from 2017–2023 in a Midwest U.S. region identify insulin-treated patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) results from outpatient visits on the same day. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression assess HbA1c and achievement of HbA1c targets across instruction types and dosing variables.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages18

Reading Time45 min

AccessFree to download

Objective

Methods

Data source and population

Outcomes and statistical analysis

Results

Conclusion

Keywords

Introduction

Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript | | HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
Diabet Epidemiol Manag. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2026 January 07. | | --- | --- | Published in final edited form as: Diabet Epidemiol Manag. 2025 ; 19-20: . doi:10.1016/j.deman.2025.100260 . Characteristics of insulin prescriptions and their association with glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Helen Chena,b,* , Lappui Chungc, Michael Weinerd,e,f, Mark Fug, Patrick Baliush, Julian Wolfsonb a Department of Epidemiology, Richard Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA bCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. , Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USAc Divison of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA d Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA eCenter for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. , Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USAfCenter for Health Information and Communication, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Systems Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA g Department of Computer Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA h Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA Abstract This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)) *Corresponding author. Declaration of competing interest The author, Michale Weiner, declares the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Stock holdings in 3 M, Abbvie, Accuray, Amgen, Apple, Bristol Myers Squibb, Centene, Conmed, Crispr Therapeutics, Dexcom, DXC Technology, Edwards Lifesciences, Embecta, Exact Sciences, GE Healthcare Technologies, Globus Med, GSK, Haemonetics, Hewlett Packard, Integer, Integra Lifesciences, Intel, International Business Machines, Irhythm Technologies, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, Metlife, Microsoft, Novo Nordisk, Oracle, Orthofix, Pfizer, Resmed, Revvity, Roche, Stryker, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Varex Imaging, Veradigm, Zimmer Biomet, and Zimvie. The other authors, Helen Chen, Lappui Chung, Mark Fu, Patrick Balius, and Julian Woflson, declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Institutional review board statement The study was conducted in accordance with the Indiana University Institutional Review Board’s approval \#12232 . Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Claude-3 Sonnet to improve grammar, language and readability. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication. CRediT authorship contribution statement Helen Chen: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Lappui Chung: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Conceptualization. Michael Weiner: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization. Mark Fu: Validation, Investigation, Formal analysis. Patrick Balius: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis. Julian Wolfson: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis. Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Chen et al. Page 2 Objective: We assessed the association between insuli

FAQs

What is the primary objective of the study?

To assess the association between insulin prescription characteristics and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

How were outcomes such as glycemic control measured?

Glycemic control was evaluated using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and whether patients met HbA1c targets (<7 for age 18–64 and <8 for age ≥65).

Which insulin instruction types and dosing factors showed associations with HbA1c reduction or target achievement?

Carb counting, correction, sliding scale, and providing a maximum daily insulin dose were associated with HbA1c reduction. Correction instruction was more likely than dosing frequency to meet the HbA1c target.

Sep 29, 2026

Uploaded by moss~