Calculation of the Optimum PV Panel Incline Angle for Mediterranean Climate - Article

Oct 17, 2026

Increasing energy demand and diminishing conventional resources drive greater attention to renewable energy, particularly solar power. Maximizing efficiency requires optimizing key photovoltaic (PV) parameters, with this study focusing on PV panel tilt angle. Using solar radiation values incident on a horizontal plane, the work determines the optimum south-facing PV panel angle for Adana by month. Twelve region-specific panel-angle estimation models were developed and added to the literature, and the resulting data are considered useful for designers and academics.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages8

Reading Time20 min

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Calculation of the Optimum PV Panel Incline Angle for Mediterranean Climate Ahmet Yilmaz*, Cemaleddin Şimşek2 1* Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Departmant of Computer Sciences, Karaman, Turkey, (ORCID: 0000-0002-4109-3480), [yilmazahmet@kmu.edu.tr](yilmazahmet@kmu.edu.tr) 2 Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Departmant of Electric and Electronics Eng. , Karaman, Turkey, (ORCID: 0000-0002-0888-052X), [csimsek@kmu.edu.tr](csimsek@kmu.edu.tr) (First received 3 Mart 2022and in final form 24 Mart 2022) (DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.1082398) ATIF/REFERENCE: Yilmaz, A., Şimşek, C. (2022) . Calculation of the Optimum PV Panel Incline Angle for Mediterranean Climate. European Journal of Science and Technology, (35), 322-329. Abstract Due to the increasing energy needs and the limited resources that are depleted, more importance is given to renewable energy sources and their use with the highest efficiency in many areas. In order to benefit from solar energy, which is one of the most important renewable energy sources, with the highest efficiency, various parameters must be optimized. In this study, the optimization of the photovoltaic (PV) panel angle is emphasized. By using the values of solar radiation incident on the horizontal plane , the optimum PV panel angle for Adana province related to the months was determined according to the south direction. In total, 12 different panelangle estimation models specific to the region were developed and brought to the literature. When the results are reviewed, it is thought that the usability of these data for designers and academics is appropriate. Keywords: Energy, panel, solar radiation, mathematical modelling, optimum angle. Akdeniz İklimi İçin Optimum PV Panel EğimAçisinin Hesaplanması Öz Artan enerji ihtiyaçları ve tükenen kısıtlı kaynaklar sebebiyle birçok alanda yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ve bunların en yüksek verimle kullanımına daha büyük önem verilmektedir. En önemli yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından birisi olan güneş enerjisinden en yüksek verimle yararlanabilmek için çeşitli parametrelerin optimize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen parametrelerden panel açısının optimizasyonu üzerine durulmuştur. Yatay düzleme gelen güneş ışınımı değerleri kullanılarak Adana iliiçin aylara göre optimum panel açısı güney yöne göre belirlenmiştir. Bölgeye özgü 12 farklı panel-açı tahmin modeli geliştirilmiş veliteratüre kazandırılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde bu verilerin tasarımcılar ve akademisyenler için kullanılabilirliğinin uygun olduğudüşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji, panel, güneş ışınımı, matematiksel modelleme, optimum açı . * [Corresponding Author:](Corresponding Author:yilmazahmet@kmu.edu.tr)[yilmazahmet@kmu.edu.tr](Corresponding Author:yilmazahmet@kmu.edu.tr) 1. Introduction The solar radiation energy falling on the earth every year isabout 160 times more than the fossil fuel reservoirs determined so far on earth (Teke et al., 2015) . In addition, it is 15,000 times more than the classical energy production facilities on earth would produce in a year (Serrano et al., 2009) . In this respect, sensitivity to nature will be ensured by adapting solar energy to a usable energy type suitable for human activities. As it is known, there are many studies in the literature on PV panel tilt angle (Rusen et al., 2013; Yadav and Chandel 2013; Khatib et al., 2012) . These studies aim to obtain electrical energy with maximum efficiency from sunlight by finding the angle values in the regional geography and obtaining the maximum radiation values. For example, (Ulgen, 2006) examined the monthly PV panel tilt angle values for İzmir province in his study and found that the lowest in June is 0 °, the highest is 61° in December, and the annual fixed PV panel angle is 30.3.(Benghanem, 2011) determined the panel inclination angles for spring, summer, autumn and winter as 17 °, 12°, 28° and 37°, re

FAQs

What is the main objective of the study?

The study aims to optimize the photovoltaic (PV) panel tilt angle to achieve the highest possible efficiency for solar energy use.

How is the optimum PV panel angle determined?

The optimum south-facing PV panel angle is calculated for each month in Adana by using solar radiation values incident on a horizontal plane.

What outputs does the study provide for the region?

It develops 12 different panel-angle estimation models specific to the Mediterranean-climate region and evaluates their suitability for designers and academics.

Oct 17, 2026

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