Bangladesh Country Climate and Development Report 2022 - Environment, Natural Resources & Blue Economy (ENB) Background Note

Jul 19, 2026

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Bangladesh Country Climate and Development Report 2022 - Environment, Natural Resources & Blue Economy (ENB) Background Note compiles complementary data and thematic insights supporting the World Bank’s CCDR 2022. The note links climate change impacts to natural capital, forests, fisheries and aquaculture, air quality management, industrial decarbonization, and green growth principles. It outlines Bangladesh’s key assets such as the Sundarbans, mangroves, hill forests, and seasonal wetlands, and describes how climate change, pollution, and resource pressures threaten ecosystems and rural livelihoods.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages24

Reading Time1 h 0 min

AccessFree to download

Natural Capital, Landscape-based Approaches, and Forests

Bangladesh context and problem statement

Status of Bangladesh forests

Status of biodiversity

Pathways for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture Management

Climate impacts and livelihoods

Potential interventions

Climate Change and Air Quality Management (AQM)

Clean air as climate mitigation

Climate co-benefits via a Clean Air Program

Decarbonization and Green Interventions for Industry

Green interventions for industrialization

Prioritizing high-polluting sectors

Promoting Green Growth Principles

Environmental risk management and monitoring

Background Note Public Disc losure Authorized Environment, Natural Resources & Blue Economy Pub lic Disc losure Authorized Bangladesh Country Climate and Development Report 2022: Environment, Natural Resources & Blue Economy (ENB) Background Note The following are complementary data, rationale, and additional thematic insights to the World Bank’s Bangladesh CCDR 2022 to serve as further context. This note is organized by corresponding thematic links to climate change impact. The following themes offer context and complementary insight to chapters within the CCDR: 1. Natural Capital, Landscape-based Approaches, and Forests 1.1. The case for scaling up natural capital, landscape-based approaches, and forests for costeffective climate resilience, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem services. 1.2. Resilient livelihoods through af/re-forestation in the coastal areas, islands and degraded areas, mangroves, and restoration of deforested and degraded forests 2. Pathways for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture Management 2.1. The impact of climate change on Bangladesh’s marine and aqua-fisheries future and on livelihoods 2.2. Potential interventions 3. Climate Change and Air Quality Management (AQM) 3.1. The case for clean air as climate mitigation of short-and long-lived air pollution 3.2. Climate co-benefits through the implementation of a Clean Air Program 4. Decarbonization and Green Interventions for Industry 4.1. Green interventions for investments in industrialization, and prioritizing high-polluting and high-emitting sectors 5. Promoting Green Growth Principles 5.1. Improved environmental risk management, regulatory systems, and monitoring 1. Natural Capital, Landscape-based Approaches, and Forests Bangladesh Context and Problem Statement: Bangladesh has several key natural assets, including two thirds of the Sundarbans, the largest remaining area of mangroves in the world, in the southwest, the Chittagong hill forests in the east, and the unique seasonal wetlands (Haors) in the northeast region. 60 percent of the country is cropland (FAOSTAT, 2018) . Climate change, pollution, overexploitation of resources, and rapid urbanization are degrading natural and managed ecosystems and posing an increasing threat to livelihoods, especially for the rural poor (Rasul and Thapa, 2004; Miah et al., 2010; Abdullah-Al-Mamun et al., 2017) . Despite this, nature-based solutions are not well integrated into national policies (Islam et al., 2021), partly due to the lack of awareness of their benefits (Huq et al., 2017) . Status of Bangladesh Forests. Forests of Bangladesh provide essential provisioning and regulating ecosystem services, including carbon storage and emissions offsetting, but the forest cover has been steadily declining. Forest areas are concentrated in the southwestern (Sundarbans), and north and southeastern flanks (Hill Forests) of the country, with small patches of Sal (deciduous) Forest in the central and northwestern regions. About half of the remaining 1.5 million ha of forest land is under natural forests, mostly in Sundarbans, while the rest is either degraded or deforested or under various kinds of plantations (BFD, 2016) . There are at least 19 million people who depend directly on forests for their livelihoods and another 19 million who depend on them indirectly (Rahman & Ahmed, 2016) . Contribution of village forest income to total household income varies from 8.9% to 18. 6%(Rahman 2011b) . However, natural forests are under pressure from illicit felling, encroachments, shifting cultivation and conversion to other land uses. From 2010 to 2015, mangrove forests declined by 2 percent; Sal Forest by 20 percent; Hill Forest by 23 percent; and Bamboo Forest by 83 percent. The nearly 695,000 ha of unclassified state forest (USF) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts districts have been degraded by shifting cultivation and other factors. Use of these areas are regulated by district ad

FAQs

What is the purpose of the ENB Background Note for Bangladesh’s CCDR 2022?

It provides complementary data, rationale, and thematic insights to support the World Bank’s Bangladesh CCDR 2022 by connecting climate change impacts to specific environment and natural resource topics.

Which natural assets and ecosystems does the note highlight as central to Bangladesh’s environment?

It emphasizes assets including the Sundarbans, mangroves, Chittagong hill forests, and seasonal wetlands (Haors), along with the country’s significant cropland base.

How does the note connect climate themes to policy-relevant areas?

It organizes the content around natural capital and forests, sustainable fisheries and aquaculture management, air quality management, industrial decarbonization, and green growth principles such as improved environmental risk management and monitoring.

Jul 19, 2026

Upload by Riley