Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table - Section 1 - Structure of Matter

Oct 1, 2026

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Chapter content explains how all types of matter are built from atoms, and how atoms are structured with a tiny nucleus containing protons and neutrons plus electrons in a surrounding cloud. It defines an element as atoms with the same number of protons and distinguishes compounds, where different atoms are bonded, from mixtures, where different substances are combined. The material also includes learning activities, vocabulary guidance, and study prompts connected to these core ideas.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages32

Reading Time1 h 21 min

AccessFree to download

Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Structure of Matter

The Simplest Matter

Compounds and Mixtures

All types of matter—elements, compounds, and mixtures—are made of atoms. Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table SECTION 1 Structure of Matter Main Idea Atoms contain protons and neutrons in a tiny nucleus and electrons ina cloud around the nucleus. SECTION 2 The Simplest Matter Main Idea An element is made of atoms that have the same number of protons. SECTION 3 Compounds and Mixtures Main Idea Compounds contain different types of atoms bonded together. Mixtures contain different substances mixed together. What a fun ride! The pilot gives the propane burner a long, loud blast that will heat the air in the balloon, making you soar higher. During your ride, you might start thinking about what is keeping you airborne. In this chapter, as you learn about atoms and elements, you will be able to understand more about matter. Science Journal Make a list of three questions that you think of when you look atthe picture. 96 (bkgd.)Russell Dohrman/Index Stock Start-Up Activities Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table Make the fol- Observe Matter You’ve just finished playing basketball. You’re hot and thirsty. Youreach foryour bottle of water and take a drink. Releasing your grip, you notice that the bottle is nearly empty. Is the bottle really almost empty? According to the dictionary, empty means“containing nothing.” When you have finished all the water in the bottle, will it be empty or full? 1. Wad upa dry paper towel or tissue and tape it to the inside of a plastic cup as shown. 2. Fill a bowl or sink with water. Turn the cup upside down and slowly push the cup straight down into the water as far as you can. 3. Slowly raise the cup straight up and out of the water. Remove the paper towel or tissue paper and examine it. 4. Think Critically In your Science Journal, describe the lab and its results. Explain what you think happened. Was anything in the cup besides the paper? If so, what was it? lowing Foldable to help you identify the main ideas about atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures. STEP 1 Draw a mark at the midpoint of a sheet of paper along the side edge. Then fold the top and bottom edges in to touch the midpoint. STEP 2 Fold in halffrom side to side. STEP 3 Open and cut along the inside fold lines to form four tabs. STEP 4 Label each tab as shown. Read and Write As you read the chapter, list several everyday examples of atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures on the back of the appropriate tab. 97 (bkgd.)Russell Dohrman/Index Stock,(inset)Morrison Photography Learn It! What should you do if you find a wordyou don’t know or understand? Here are some suggested strategies: 1. Use context clues (from the sentence or the paragraph) to help you define it. 2. Look for prefixes, suffixes, or root words that you already know. 3. Write it down and ask for help with the meaning. 4. Guess at its meaning. 5. Look it up in the glossary or a dictionary. Practice It! Look at the word charge in the following passage. See how context clues can help you understand its meaning. Context Clue Like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each other. Context Clue . . . cathode rays were made up of negatively charged particles. Context Clue Negatively charged particles are called electrons. Thomson knew that like charges repel eachother and opposite charges attract each other. When he saw that the [cathode] rays traveled toward a positively charged plate, he concluded that the cathode rays were made up of negatively charged particles. These invisible, negatively charged particles are called electrons. —from page 102 Apply It! Make a vocabulary bookmark with a strip of paper. As you read, keep track of words you do not know or want to learn more about. 98 A CHAPTER 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table Use this to focus on the main ideas as you read the chapter. Before you read the chapter, respond to the statements

FAQs

What makes up all types of matter?

All types of matter are made of atoms, including elements, compounds, and mixtures.

How is an element defined in this chapter?

An element is made of atoms that have the same number of protons.

What is the difference between compounds and mixtures?

Compounds contain different types of atoms bonded together, while mixtures contain different substances mixed together.

Oct 1, 2026

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