Asthma and Lower Airway Disease - Molecular IgE Sensitization Profiling With Micro-Arrayed Allergen Molecules in Adult Patients From the LEAD Cohort: A Precision Medicine Approach

Sep 29, 2026

Molecular allergy diagnosis is investigated for adult asthma in the Austrian LEAD cohort, focusing on IgE sensitization profiles using micro-arrayed allergen molecules. The study compares IgE-sensitized versus non-IgE-sensitized patients and explores implications for allergen-specific immunotherapy concepts. Among 893 asthma patients, current asthma (n=436) was tested with 110 allergen molecules and skin prick testing to link sensitization patterns with clinical asthma features and lung function.

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Allergy ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Asthma and Lower Airway Disease Molecular IgE Sensitization Profiling With Micro-Arrayed Allergen Molecules in Adult Patients With Asthma From the LEAD Cohort: A Precision Medicine Approach Huey-Jy Huang1,2 | Robab Breyer-Kohansal3,4 | Katarzyna Niespodziana1 | Charmaine J. M. Lim3,5 | Marie-Kathrin Breyer3,6 | Rudolf Valenta1,2,7,8 | Sylvia Hartl3,5 | the Allergochip Working Group 1Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria | 2Center for Molecular Allergology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria | 3Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria | 4Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria | 5Sigmund Freud Private University, Faculty of Medicine, Vienna, Austria | 6Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Site Penzing of Clinic Ottakring, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria | 7Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia | 8Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia Correspondence: Rudolf Valenta ([rudolf.valenta@meduniwien.ac.at](rudolf.valenta@meduniwien.ac.at)) Received: 25 April 2025 | Revised: 16 July 2025 | Accepted: 28 July 2025 Funding: This research was funded by the Danube Allergy Research Cluster program of the Country of Lower Austria, by a GSK unrestricted grant of the LEAD study, by grant no. 23-75-30016 from the Russian Science Foundation in its part related to allergen characterization, by the INSPIRED (Inovative Strategies for Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of ragweed pollen Induced REspiratoryDiseases) project, COP 2014-2020 92/09.09.2016, P_37_747 from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Romanian national budget. Keywords: allergen | allergen micro-array | allergy | asthma | skin testing ABSTRACT Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease comprising different pheno-and endotypes. Diagnostic tools for the identification of allergic versus non-allergic asthma are needed for new precision medicine-based treatments. Objective: To determine IgE sensitization profiles to multiple micro-arrayed allergen molecules in adult patients with asthma in the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort; to compare IgE-and non-IgE sensitized patients with asthma; and to define possible allergen-specific immunotherapy concepts for sensitized patients. Methods: Out of 893 patients with a history of asthma, patients with current asthma (n = 436) were analyzed for IgE sensitizations to 110 micro-arrayed molecules from airborne and food allergen sources and by skin prick testing (SPT) with 10 allergen extracts (English plantain, mugwort, ragweed, timothy grass, ash tree, mites, dog, cat, Alternaria alternata, and Fagales mix) . Clinical asthma-related parameters were compared between patients with IgE sensitization to asthma allergen molecules and non-IgE sensitized patients with asthma. Results: IgE sensitization was detected in 73.2% of patients with asthma using 63 micro-arrayed respiratory allergens. The most recognized respiratory outdoor allergen molecules were Bet v 1 (32.8%) and Ole e 1 (23.2%) followed by grass pollen, ragweed, and mugwort allergens. Fel d 1 was the most frequently recognized respiratory indoor allergen molecule (42.7%) followed by house dust mite and dog allergen molecules. Micro-arrayed allergens allowed the identification of IgE reactivity profiles indicative of | Abbreviations: ACT, asthma control test; AHR, airway hyper-reactivity; AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; CCD, cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GINA

FAQs

What is the main objective of the study?

To determine IgE sensitization profiles to multiple micro-arrayed allergen molecules in adult asthma patients, compare IgE- and non-IgE sensitized groups, and define possible allergen-specific immunotherapy concepts for sensitized patients.

How was IgE sensitization measured?

IgE sensitizations were assessed using micro-arrayed allergen molecules (110 targets) and skin prick testing with 10 allergen extracts.

What key clinical differences were observed between IgE-sensitized and non-IgE-sensitized patients?

IgE-sensitized patients were younger and showed better lung function with less dyspnea, but reported more allergic bronchitis compared with non-IgE-sensitized patients.

Sep 29, 2026

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