Associations of overactive bladder (OAB) with suicidal ideation incidence and all-cause mortality among the U.S. population

Sep 7, 2026

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Overactive bladder (OAB) is examined for its relationship with suicidal ideation onset and subsequent all-cause mortality among people reporting suicidal ideation. Using NHANES data from 2005–2018, the study applies weighted multivariable logistic regression to test OAB–ideation association, and Kaplan-Meier plus Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate mortality risk. Mediation analysis assesses whether depression explains part of the OAB–ideation link. Results support a positive OAB association and identify depression as a significant mediator.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages10

Reading Time25 min

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Introduction

Gong and Huang BMC Psychiatry (2024) 24:641 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06107-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06107-1) BMC Psychiatry RESEARCH Open Access Associations of overactive bladder (OAB) with suicidal ideation incidence and all-cause mortality among the U.S. population Hongyang Gong 1,2 and Shaoqun Huang 1* Abstract Background Few studies have explored the correlation between overactive bladder (OAB) and suicidal ideation. This study aims to investigate the association between OAB and suicidal ideation, as well as the relationship between OABand all-cause mortality among individuals with suicidal ideation. Methods Data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed using cross-sectional and cohort study designs. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between OAB and suicidal ideation. Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between OAB and all-cause mortality among those with suicidal ideation. Interaction analyses on subgroups were conducted to validate the findings. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the effect of depression on the relationship between OAB and suicidal ideation. Results Among 33,426 participants aged ≥ 20 years, 1,290 (3 . 8%) reported suicidal ideation. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with OAB were 2.57 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (P < 0. 001) . Over an average follow-up of 87 months, 197 participants with suicidal ideation died. The Cox model revealed that participants with OAB had a 3.08 times higher risk of death (P = 0 . 006) . Kaplan-Meier curves indicated higher survival rates for non-OAB participants. Mediation analysis indicates that depression significantly mediates the relationship between OAB and suicidal ideation, with a mediation proportion of 75 . 25%(P < 0. 001) . Conclusions OAB is positively associated with the incidence of suicidal ideation and all-cause mortality among participants with suicidal ideation. Additionally, the association between OAB and suicidal ideation is mediated by depression. Keywords ">Overactive bladder, Suicidal ideation, All-cause mortality, NHANES *Correspondence: Shaoqun Huang [sqhuang@fjtcm.edu.cn](sqhuang@fjtcm.edu.cn) 1Department of Oncology Surgery, Fuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 102 Gudong Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City 350001, Fujian Province, China 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/l](creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Gong and Huang BMC Psychiatry (2024) 24:641 Introduction Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with an estimated 700,000 people dying by suicide each year, making it a significant pu

FAQs

What is the main purpose of this study on overactive bladder (OAB)?

To investigate whether OAB is associated with the incidence of suicidal ideation and to assess the relationship between OAB and all-cause mortality among individuals with suicidal ideation.

How were the data and statistical methods used to evaluate associations?

NHANES data from 2005–2018 were analyzed using cross-sectional and cohort designs, including weighted multivariable logistic regression for suicidal ideation and Kaplan-Meier plus weighted multivariable Cox models for mortality.

What do the results show about the risk of suicidal ideation and death in people with OAB?

After adjustment, participants with OAB were more likely to report suicidal ideation, and among those with suicidal ideation, OAB was linked to a higher risk of all-cause death.

Does depression explain the OAB–suicidal ideation relationship?

Yes. Mediation analysis indicates depression significantly mediates the relationship between OAB and suicidal ideation, accounting for a large mediation proportion.

Sep 7, 2026

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