Association of Fried Food Intake with Gastric Cancer Risk - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies

Sep 24, 2026

Gastric cancer is a prevalent cancer in Asia with substantial global incidence, yet the effect of fried food consumption on risk remains unclear due to limited participant numbers in earlier studies. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between fried food intake and gastric cancer incidence, synthesizing case–control evidence from multiple databases and adding KoGES findings. Integrated odds ratios were estimated with Cochrane RevMan 5.0, and study quality was assessed using the NHLBI tool. Eighteen studies were included. Results showed a significant positive association overall (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.23–1.87, I2=76%, p=0.0001) that remained significant in non-East Asians and East Asians, supporting fried food reduction as a cancer risk measure.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Pages18

Reading Time45 min

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1. Introduction

nutrients Systematic Review Association of Fried Food Intake with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies Ting Zhang 1,†, Sang Shin Song 2,†, Meiling Liu 3 and Sunmin Park 1,2, * Citation: Zhang, T.; Song, S.S.; Liu, M.; Park, S. Association of Fried Food Intake with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2982. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/nu15132982](10.3390/nu15132982) Academic Editor: Jaime Uribarri Received: 31 May 2023 Revised: 27 June 2023 Accepted: 28 June 2023 Published: 30 June 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) . 1 Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea; [zhangting92925@gmail.com](zhangting92925@gmail.com) [2](2 Department of Food and Nutrition)[ Department of Food and Nutrition](2 Department of Food and Nutrition), [Obesity/Diabetes Research Center](Obesity/Diabetes Research Center), [Hoseo University](Hoseo University), Asan 31499, Republic of Korea; [ssscho@empas.com](ssscho@empas.com) 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology, Jincheng 048011, China; [meiling1125@naver.com](meiling1125@naver.com) * Correspondence: [smpark@hoseo.edu](smpark@hoseo.edu); Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Asia, and has a signiﬁcant global incidence. However, the impact of fried food consumption on gastric cancer risk remains uncertain, mainly due to the limited number of participants in previous studies. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to examine the association between fried food intake and gastric cancer incidence through a comprehensive meta-analysis. We conducted a thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Korean Information Service System (KISS), and Research Information Service System (RISS), to collect studies. The newly analyzed results of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) ﬁndings were added. We assessed integrated odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) from the selected studies using Cochrane RevMan 5.0 for the metaanalysis. The quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tool of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) . We included 18 studies in the analysis, which compared the impact of fried food intake in gastric cancer patients (n = 5739) and healthy adults (control, n = 70,933) . There was a signiﬁcant positive association between gastric cancer risk and fried food intake (OR = 1 .52, 95% CI = 1 .23–1.87, I2 = 76%, p = 0 .0001) . The relationship was found to be signiﬁcant in both non-East Asians (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.18–1.85, I2 = 31%, p = 0 .0006) and East Asians (OR = 1 .54, 95% CI = 1 .14–2.08, I2 = 83%, p = 0 .005) . In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports the notion that fried food intake is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in both non-Asians and Asians. Promoting a reduction in fried food consumption as a measure against gastric cancer risk is recommended. Keywords: fried foods; cooking methods; gastric cancer; meta-analysis; Asians; non-Asians 1. Introduction According to the 2020 estimates by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO), gastric cancer (5.6%) is ranked as the ﬁfth mos

FAQs

What was the main purpose of this study?

To examine the association between fried food intake and gastric cancer incidence using a comprehensive meta-analysis of case–control studies.

Which databases and additional study source were used?

The search covered PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, CNKI, KISS, and RISS, and it also added newly analyzed results from KoGES.

What did the meta-analysis find about fried food and gastric cancer risk?

Fried food intake was significantly associated with higher gastric cancer risk overall (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.23–1.87), and significance was observed in both non-East Asians and East Asians.

Sep 24, 2026

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