Association between Endometriosis and the Risk of Ovarian, Endometrial, Cervical, and Breast Cancer - A Population-Based Study from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample 2016-2019

Q: How was endometriosis identified in the study?

The study used ICD-10 codes within the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2016–2019 to identify relevant endometriosis cases.

Q: What cancers showed a significant association with endometriosis?

Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated a significant higher risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers among patients with endometriosis.

Q: Was there an association between endometriosis and breast or cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer showed no significant association overall, while breast cancer was associated with a lower risk, described as a perplexing finding by the authors.

Sep 21, 2026

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Investigate the association between endometriosis and the risk of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and breast cancers using the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016–2019). ICD-10 codes identified relevant cases, and univariate and multivariate regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Endometriosis showed higher risk for ovarian and endometrial cancers and no significant association with cervical cancer; it was linked to a lower breast cancer risk in the dataset.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Article Association between Endometriosis and the Risk of Ovarian, Endometrial, Cervical, and Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019 Ismail Abdulrahman Al-Badawi 1,2,*, Ahmed Abu-Zaid 2,*, Osama Alomar 1,2, Mohannad Alsabban 1, Saud Owaimer Alsehaimi 1, Saad M. S. Alqarni 3, Safa Nasser Alabdrabalamir 1, Saeed Baradwan 4, Maha Al Baalharith 5, Amal A. AlOdaini 6, Saleh A. K. Saleh 7,8, Heba M. Adly 9, Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari 10 and Hany Salem 1,2 Citation: Al-Badawi, I.A.; Abu-Zaid, A.; Alomar, O.; Alsabban, M.; Alsehaimi, S.O.; Alqarni, S.M.S.; Alabdrabalamir, S.N.; Baradwan, S.; Al Baalharith, M.; AlOdaini, A.A.; et al. Association between Endometriosis and the Risk of Ovarian, Endometrial, Cervical, and Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019 . Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 472–481. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31010032](doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31010032) Received: 2 December 2023 Revised: 30 December 2023 Accepted: 10 January 2024 Published: 13 January 2024 Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) . 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia 2 College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait 62413, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Pathology, King Fahd University Hospital, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia 7 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia 8 Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11435, Egypt 9 Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia 10 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia * Correspondence: [i_albadawi@yahoo.com](i_albadawi@yahoo.com) (I.A.A.-B.); [aabuzaid@live.com](aabuzaid@live.com) (A.A.-Z.) Abstract: Objective: We investigated the potential relationship between endometriosis and risk of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and breast cancers using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods: We utilized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) system to identify relevant codes from the NIS database (2016–2019) . Univariate and multivariate regression analyses (adjusted for age, race, hospital region, hospital teaching status, income Zip score, smoking, alcohol use, and hormonal replacement therapy) were conducted to evaluate the association between endometriosis and gynecologic cancers and summarized as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) . Results: In the examined dataset, there were 1164 and 225,323 gynecologic cancer patients with and without endometriosis, respectively. Univariate analysis showed endometriosis was significantly associated with a higher risk of ovarian (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 3.05–3.84, p < 0.001) and endometrial (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.97–3.79, p < 0.001) cancers. There was no significant association between endometriosis and cervical cancer (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.28, p = 0.663) . Interestingly, endometriosis was significantly associated with a low

FAQs

How was endometriosis identified in the study?

The study used ICD-10 codes within the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2016–2019 to identify relevant endometriosis cases.

What cancers showed a significant association with endometriosis?

Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated a significant higher risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers among patients with endometriosis.

Was there an association between endometriosis and breast or cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer showed no significant association overall, while breast cancer was associated with a lower risk, described as a perplexing finding by the authors.

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Logic