Asian Journal of Education and Training - Vol. 5 - Issue 3 - The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Optimistic on Creativity in Team and Individual Sports Activities of Trabzon University Students

Oct 15, 2026

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This research investigates how spiritual intelligence and optimism influence creativity among Trabzon University students engaged in team and individual sports activities. Standard questionnaires measuring spiritual intelligence, optimism, and creativity were administered to a sample of 148 athletes, including 74 team athletes and 74 individual athletes. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, with values of 0.75, 0.83, and 0.81 respectively. Results indicate significant effects of spiritual intelligence and optimism on creativity across all athletes, and additional differences in optimism and creativity between team and individual groups.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages6

Reading Time15 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Findings

Results

References

Contribution of this paper to the literature

Asian Journal of Education and Training Vol. 5, No. 3, 397-402, 2019 ISSN(E) 2519-5387 DOI: 10.20448/journal.522.2019.53 .397.402 © 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Optimistic on Creativity in Team and Individual Sports Activities of Trabzon University Students ElifAydin Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gumuhshaneh University, Turkey. Abstract The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence and optimistic on creativity of team and individual athletes of Trabzon University. In order to measure the spiritual intelligence, the optimism and the creativity variable, the standard questionnaires (Amram and Dryer, 2008), (Webber and Smokowski, 2018) and (Torrance, 2000) were used respectively. The reliability of the questionnaires was also evaluated by Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the spiritual intelligence, optimism and creativity questionnaires were 0.75, 0.83, and 0.81 respectively. The questionnaires were comprised of a sample of 148 students from Trabzon University: 74 of team athletes such as soccer, volleyball, basketball and handball as well as 74 individual athletes such as tennis, badminton, track and field, swimming, etc.. The findings showed that: spiritual intelligence and optimism has a significant effect on creativity of all team and individual athletes. Spiritual intelligence and optimism has a significant effect on creativity of individual athletes. Team and individual athletes have a significant difference in optimism and creativity variables. So the observed significant difference was due to more creativity of team sportsmen. Keywords: Spiritual intelligence, Optimism, Creativity, Team sports, Individual sports. Funding: This study received no specific financial support. Competing Interests: The author declares that there are no conflicts of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Transparency: The author confirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study was reported; that no vital features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained. Ethical: This study follows all ethical practices during writing. Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 398 2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 399 3. Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 399 4. Results .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 401 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 401 Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the effect of spiritual intelligence and optimistic on creativity of team and individual athletes of Trabzon University. 1. Introduction Creativity in its special meaning as the supreme mental characteristic of its productive man reflects the balanced and transcendent growth of personality (Almajali, 2009) and responds to the ever-increasing need of man to break down the impasse and go beyond (Brink, 2004) . Psychologists believe that creativity is one of the constituents of the perf

FAQs

What is the main purpose of the study?

To examine the effect of spiritual intelligence and optimism on creativity in team and individual sports activities among Trabzon University students.

How were the variables measured?

Spiritual intelligence, optimism, and creativity were measured using standard questionnaires referenced in the paper, and questionnaire reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha.

What sample was used in the analysis?

The study used 148 students: 74 team athletes (soccer, volleyball, basketball, handball) and 74 individual athletes (tennis, badminton, track and field, swimming, etc.).

What conclusions were drawn about creativity across sports types?

Spiritual intelligence and optimism significantly affect creativity for both team and individual athletes, and significant differences were observed between team and individual groups in optimism and creativity.

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by Mimi