Asian Journal of Education and Training - Vol. 4, No. 4 - Investigation of Depression Level of Middle School Students According to Some Variables

Q: Which variables were examined as predictors of depression level in the study?

The study examined recreational sport participation, gender, age, and socioeconomic status as potential predictors of students’ depression levels.

Q: How was the depression level measured?

Depression was measured using “Depression Scale for Kids,” improved by Kovacs (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Öy (1991). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.

Q: What were the main results regarding gender, age, and sport involvement?

No significant differences were found between gender, age, sport involvement, and depression level (p > 0.05).

Oct 15, 2026

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This study investigates key predictors of depression levels among middle school students in relation to recreational sport participation, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected from middle schools in the city center of Kutahya with 342 students aged 11–15 using easy sampling. “Depression Scale for Kids” was applied, with reliability assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.657). Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests found no significant differences by gender, age, or sport involvement, while socioeconomic status showed a significant effect.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages4

Reading Time10 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Depression in children and adolescents

Role of sport and physical activity

Study motivation

Methodology

Study design

Findings

Reliability and statistical testing

Conclusion and Discussion

Overall results

Limitations and Suggestions

References

Asian Journal of Education and Training Vol. 4, No. 4, 280-283, 2018 ISSN(E) 2519-5387 DOI: 10.20448/journal.522.2018.44.280.283 Investigation of Depression Level of Middle School Students’According to Some Variables Nurullah Emir EKİNCİ1 1Dumlupinar University School of Physical Education and Sport, Kutahya/Turkey Abstract This study investigated the important predictors of depression levels of middle school students'according to their recreational sport participation, gender, age and their socioeconomic status. The data's of the study collected from middle schools in the city center of Kutahya, 342 (113 woman, 198 man) students randomly recruited and voluntarily participate to the study, age range 11-15. The easy sampling method was preferred in the present study. As a data collection tool"Depression Scale for Kids" was used improved by Kovacs (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Öy (1991) . In the evaluation of data first skewness and kurtosis values were evaluated and noskewness or kurtosis issues were found. Than reliability of the scale was assessed via Cronbach's alpha method and Cronbach's alpha calculated as .657. Lastly for definition of the data's MannWhitney U and Kruskal Wallis test used. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. For Windows. As a result there were not any significant difference between gender, age, sport involvement and depression level of the students (p>0, 05) . But, there were a significant difference between socioeconomic status and depression level of the students (p<0, 05) . The difference was between bad income and very good income. Keywords: Depression, Middle school, Student, Recreation. Funding: This study received no specific financial support. Competing Interests: The author declares that there are no conflicts of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Transparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study was reported; that no vital features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained. Ethical: This study follows all ethical practices during writing. Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 281 2. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................... 281 3. Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 281 4. Conclusion and Discussion........................................................................................................................................................... 282 5. Limitations and Suggestions ....................................................................................................................................................... 282 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 283 1. Introduction Today's education system is not the only aim at future professions. Schools are obliged not only to provide information but also to socialize the individual. Because there are lots of depressive symptoms and poor coping skill exist for students, who constantly deal with multiple stressors in a complex society (Puskar et al., 2003) . Depression is among one of the most disabling disorders and frequently begins early in life (Fergusson and Woodward, 2002). Depression is a syndrome with symptoms, a feeling or a state of depression in the deep gloom of thought, slow down and rece

FAQs

Which variables were examined as predictors of depression level in the study?

The study examined recreational sport participation, gender, age, and socioeconomic status as potential predictors of students’ depression levels.

How was the depression level measured?

Depression was measured using “Depression Scale for Kids,” improved by Kovacs (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Öy (1991). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.

What were the main results regarding gender, age, and sport involvement?

No significant differences were found between gender, age, sport involvement, and depression level (p > 0.05).

How did socioeconomic status relate to depression level?

A significant difference was found between socioeconomic status and depression level (p < 0.05), specifically between bad income and very good income groups.

Oct 15, 2026

Upload by Mimi