Appendix A - PPVT-R and RSPCLD-R - General Instruction and Mandarin Aspect Markers

Sep 28, 2026

Appendix A describes two Chinese assessment tools: PPVT-R and RSPCLD-R. PPVT-R measures receptive vocabulary for Mandarin using 175 stimulus words paired with 175 images, reports internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and notes Chinese-specific modifications and Shanghai-based norms. RSPCLD-R evaluates language comprehension, production, expressive vocabulary, pronunciation, and speech fluency for preschool children via four sub-tests and provides reliability indices plus Taiwan-based norm details. Appendix B gives game-style administration instructions and presents Mandarin aspect markers in example sentences with glosses.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages4

Reading Time10 min

AccessFree to download

Appendix A

PPVT-R

RSPCLD-R

Appendix B

General instruction

Aspect marker examples

Appendix A 1. PPVT-R The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) is used to measure an individual's receptive vocabulary for Mandarin Chinese and provides a quick estimate of verbal ability. The PPVT-R consists of 175 stimulus words and 175 corresponding images. Each image contains 4 black-and-white drawings, one of which best represents the meaning of the corresponding stimulus word. There are also 5 training words presented with corresponding images. Modifications from the English version of PPVTR in the creation of the Chinese version include 15 stimuli (8.57% of total vocabulary), and 15 drawings (2.14% of the total pictures), so as to render this version more easily recognizable by Chinese children. For the Chinese version of PPVT-R, the internal consistency is .99; the test-retest reliability is .938. The norms based on the raw score of PPVT-R are provided for three-to nine-year-old children by Sang and Miu (1994) based on 600 children who come from Shanghai. 2. RSPCLD-R The Rating Scale for Pre-school Children with Language Disorder-Revised Chinese Version (RSPCLD-R) is a tool used to evaluate the language comprehension, language production, expressive vocabulary, pronunciation, and speech fluency of children who are between 3;0 years old and 5;11 years old. It aims to screen out the children who are delayed or impaired in language. There are four sub-tests in the RSPCLD-R. The five test items in the first subtest are used to make the participant feel relaxed and to evaluate children’s speech fluency with question-answering. The second sub-test includes 29 test items, which are used to evaluate children’s language comprehension ability with picture-choice, question-answering, and story quizzes. The third sub-test assesses children’s expressive vocabulary and pronunciation manner with 13 test items by asking children to speak out the names of objects in the picture cards. There are 18 test items evaluating children’s language production ability in the fourth sub-test with question-answering, sentence repetition, sentence-making and story-telling. The scores of the second and fourth sub-tests are used to screen children with DLD in this study. The internal consistency for the comprehension part is .91, and the production part is.94; the test-retest reliability is .93 for the comprehension part and .92 for the production part; the size of the norm was 725 children. The data for the norms were collected in Taiwan. Appendix B General instruction: XX. Let’s play a game. I will say a sentence, please point to the picture that matches what it means. All right? The progressive maker zai- +Activity verbs 1.哥哥在游泳。 Gege zai youyong. brother ZAI swim ‘The brother is swimming.’ 2.哥哥在洗手。 Gege zai xishou. brother ZAI wash hands ‘The brother is washing his hands.’ 3.姐姐在浇花。 Jiejie zai jiaohua. sister ZAI water flower ‘The sister is watering a flower.’ The progressive maker zai- +Accomplishment verbs 4.姐姐在喝一杯果汁。 Jiejie zai he yibei guozhi sister ZAI drink one-CL juice ‘The sister is drinking a cup of juice.’ 5.叔叔在盖一座房子。 Shushu zai gai yizuo fangzi. uncle ZAI build one-CL house‘The uncle is building a house.’ 6.姐姐在吃一个苹果。 Jiejei zai chi yige pingguo. sister ZAI eat one-CL apple ‘The sister is eating an apple.” The perfective marker-le +Achievement verbs 7.叔叔摔碎了一个瓶子。 Shushu shuaisui le yige pingzi. uncle throw-smashed LE one-CL bottle‘The uncle smashed a bottle to pieces.’ 8.小猫钓到了一条鱼。 Xiaomao diaodao le yitiao yu. little-cat fish-get LE one-CL fish ‘The little cat hooked a fish.’ 9.哥哥踢破了门。 Gege tipo le men. brother kick-broken LE door ‘The brother kicked the door and it smashed.’ The perfective marker-le +Accomplishment verbs 10.哥哥折了一个纸飞机。 Gege zhe le yige zhifeiji. brother folder LE one-CL paper-plane ‘The brother made a paper plane.’ 11.小猫吃了一条鱼。 Xiaomao chi le yitiao yu. little-cat eat LE one-CL fish‘The

FAQs

What does PPVT-R measure in the Chinese version?

PPVT-R measures an individual's receptive vocabulary for Mandarin Chinese and provides a quick estimate of verbal ability based on matching stimulus words to pictures.

How is RSPCLD-R organized and what abilities does it evaluate?

RSPCLD-R includes four sub-tests that assess language comprehension, language production, expressive vocabulary, pronunciation, and speech fluency to screen for delayed or impaired language.

What are the main Mandarin markers illustrated in Appendix B?

Appendix B illustrates aspect markers such as zai- (progressive), -le (perfective), and zhe- (durative), using sentence examples with English meanings and glosses.

Sep 28, 2026

Uploaded by WPS_1786070896