AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based Free-Response Questions - Table of Information - Section II

Sep 30, 2026

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AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based Free-Response Questions provides the AP exam reference materials and Section II instructions for the 2023 assessment. It includes the Physics 1 Table of Information covering constants, unit symbols, metric prefixes, common trigonometric values, and core physics equations for mechanics and geometry. The document also specifies timing and point values for Questions 1–5, followed by Question 1 describing a cart-spring oscillation scenario with kinetic energy versus potential energy analysis and a block-drop change in the oscillation frequency.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages17

Reading Time43 min

AccessFree to download

Physics 1 Table of Information

Constants and Conversion Factors

Unit Symbols and Prefixes

Trigonometric Values for Common Angles

Physics 1 Equations

Exam Instructions

Section II: Time and Question Structure

Question 1: Cart-Spring Oscillation

2023 AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based Free-Response Questions © 2023 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org). [AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org). AP® PHYSICS 1 TABLE OF INFORMATION | CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Proton mass, mp 􀀠 1.67 􀂖 10􀀐27 kg Neutron mass, mn 􀀠 1.67 􀂖 10 􀀐27 kg Electron mass, me 􀀠 9.11 􀂖 10 􀀐31 kg Speed of light, c 􀀠 3.00 􀂖 108 ms | Electron charge magnitude,
Coulomb’s law constant,
Universal gravitational
constant,
Acceleration due to gravity
at Earth’s surface, | e 􀀠 1.60 􀂖 10􀀐19 C
k 􀀠 1 4pe0 􀀠 9.0 􀂖 109 N 􀀼m2 C2
G 􀀠 6.67 􀂖 10􀀐11 m 3kg􀀼s2
g 􀀠 9.8 ms2 | | UNIT
SYMBOLS | meter, m | kelvin, K | watt, W | degree Celsius, 􀂒 C | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | kilogram, kg | hertz, Hz | coulomb, C | | | | second, s | newton, N | volt, V | | | | ampere, A | joule, J | ohm, W | | | PREFIXES | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Factor | Prefix | Symbol | | 1012 | tera | T | | 109 | giga | G | | 106 | mega | M | | 103 | kilo | k | | 10􀀐2 | centi | c | | 10􀀐3 | milli | m | | 10􀀐6 | micro | m | | 10 􀀐9 | nano | n | | 10􀀐12 | pico | p | | VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | q | 0􀁄 | 30􀁄 | 37􀁄 | 45􀁄 | 53􀁄 | 60􀁄 | 90􀁄 | | sin q | 0 | 12 | 35 | 2 2 | 45 | 32 | 1 | | cosq | 1 | 32 | 45 | 2 2 | 35 | 12 | 0 | | tan q | 0 | 33 | 34 | 1 | 43 | 3 | 􀂇 | The following conventions are used in this exam. I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless otherwise stated. II. Assume air resistance is negligible unless otherwise stated. III. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system. IV. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which positive charge would drift. V. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated. AP® PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS | MECHANICS
Ãx 􀀠 Ãx0 􀀎 ax t a = acceleration
A = amplitude
x 􀀠 x0 􀀎 Ãx0 t 􀀎 ~~ ~~1~~2 ~~ ax t2 Ã2x 􀀠 Ã2x0 􀀎 2ax 􀀋x 􀀐 x0 􀀌 􀀠 􀀠 ~~ ~~
􀁇 􀁇
Ff 􀂅 m Fnac 􀀠 Ã2r~~ ~~
p 􀀠 mv
􀁇 D 􀀠 F Dt
K 􀀠 1~~2 ~~ mv2
DE 􀀠 W 􀀠 F􀀦 d 􀀠 Fd cosq
DEP 􀀠 ~~ ~~
Dt
q 􀀠 q0 􀀎 w0t 􀀎 ~~ ~~1~~2 ~~ at2 w 􀀠 w0 􀀎 at
x 􀀠 Acos􀀋2p ft 􀀌
􀁇 􀁇
􀀠 􀃇 􀀠 net I I
t 􀀠 r􀁁 F 􀀠 rF sin q L 􀀠 Iw
DL 􀀠 tDt K 􀀠 1~~2 ~~ Iw2
􀁇
Fs 􀀠 k Us 􀀠 1~~2 ~~ kx2
r 􀀠 mV
d = distance E = energy f = frequency
F = force
I = rotational inertia K = kinetic energy k = spring constant L = angular momentum 􀁁 = length
m = mass P = power
p = momentum
r = radius or separation T = period
t = time
U = potential energy V = volume
v = speed
W = work done on a system x = position
y = height
a = angular acceleration m = coefficient of friction q = angle
r = density t = torque
w = angular speed
DUg 􀀠 mg Dy T 􀀠 􀀠 1f Ts 􀀠 2p mk
Tp 􀀠 2p 􀁁g
􀀠 G m1m2
g r 2
􀁇
F 􀁇 g
g 􀀠 m
Gm1m2
UG 􀀠 􀀐 r

| GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY | | | --- | --- | --- | | | Rectangle A 􀀠 bh
Triangle A 􀀠 1~~2 ~~ bh
Circle
A 􀀠 pr2 C 􀀠 2pr
Rectangular solid V 􀀠 􀁁wh
Cylinder V 􀀠 pr2 􀁁
S 􀀠 2pr􀁁 􀀎 2pr2
Sphere V 􀀠 4~~3~~ pr3 S 􀀠 4pr2 | A = area
C = circumference V = volume
S = surface area b = base
h = height
􀁁 = length w = width r = radius
Right triangle c2 􀀠 a2 􀀎 b2 sin q 􀀠 ac cosq 􀀠 bc tan q 􀀠 ab | | | |
c
q 90°
b
a | Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page. PHYSICS 1 SECTION II Time—1 hour and 30 minutes 5 Questions Directions: Questions 1, 4, and 5 are short free-response questions that require about 13 minutes each to answer and are worth 7 points

FAQs

What is the structure and timing for Section II questions?

Section II lasts 1 hour and 30 minutes with five questions. Questions 1, 4, and 5 are short (about 13 minutes each, 7 points each), while Questions 2 and 3 are long (about 25 minutes each, 12 points each).

What conventions does the exam use for the problems in this section?

The exam assumes inertial reference frames unless stated otherwise, neglects air resistance unless stated otherwise, defines positive work as work done on a system, and uses conventional current. It also assumes batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise noted.

In Question 1, what changes when a block is dropped onto the cart?

When the cart is at +L and momentarily at rest, a block is dropped onto it and sticks to the cart. The cart-block-spring system continues oscillating between −L and +L, and the total mass changes from m0 to (m0 + 3m0), affecting the oscillation frequency.

Sep 30, 2026

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